Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,749 questions · 17,858 findings · 1,266 reviews

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No studies found 4,359 · 24.4%GRADE not reported 2,348 · 13.1%Very low 4,634 · 25.9%Low 4,000 · 22.4%Moderate 2,052 · 11.5%High 465 · 2.6%

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Non‐vocal communication aid vs usual care with an aid

Health‐related quality of life · adults requiring an artificial airway with or without mechanical ventilator support

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to enable communication for adult patients requiring an artificial airway with or without mechanical… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Non‐vocal communication aid vs usual care with an aid

Emotional and psychological distress · adults requiring an artificial airway with or without mechanical ventilator support

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to enable communication for adult patients requiring an artificial airway with or without mechanical… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 58 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Total daily moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) · health problem or population

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions in outside‐school hours childcare settings for promoting physical activity amongst schoolchildren aged 4… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 3036 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Proportion of care session spent in MVPA (% session spent in MVPA) · health problem or population

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions in outside‐school hours childcare settings for promoting physical activity amongst schoolchildren aged 4… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 2236 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Cardiovascular fitness (3‐minute endurance test) · health problem or population

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions in outside‐school hours childcare settings for promoting physical activity amongst schoolchildren aged 4… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 141 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Cost‐effectiveness · health problem or population

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions in outside‐school hours childcare settings for promoting physical activity amongst schoolchildren aged 4… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Adverse outcomes ‐ not reported · health problem or population

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions in outside‐school hours childcare settings for promoting physical activity amongst schoolchildren aged 4… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Quality of life ‐ not reported · health problem or population

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions in outside‐school hours childcare settings for promoting physical activity amongst schoolchildren aged 4… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of Findings Table ‐ Large retro‐equatorial recession of horizontal rectus muscle of 9 mm on the medial rectus and 12 mm on the lateral rectus vs simple tenotomy and resuturing of the 4 horizontal rectus muscles

Visual acuity · infantile nystagmus syndrome

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical interventions for infantile nystagmus syndrome 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 10 participants
Very low

Summary of Findings Table ‐ Large retro‐equatorial recession of horizontal rectus muscle of 9 mm on the medial rectus and 12 mm on the lateral rectus vs simple tenotomy and resuturing of the 4 horizontal rectus muscles

Change in head posture ‐ not reported · infantile nystagmus syndrome

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical interventions for infantile nystagmus syndrome 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of Findings Table ‐ Large retro‐equatorial recession of horizontal rectus muscle of 9 mm on the medial rectus and 12 mm on the lateral rectus vs simple tenotomy and resuturing of the 4 horizontal rectus muscles

Change in intensity of the nystagmus waveform · infantile nystagmus syndrome

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical interventions for infantile nystagmus syndrome 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 10 participants
Very low

Summary of Findings Table ‐ Large retro‐equatorial recession of horizontal rectus muscle of 9 mm on the medial rectus and 12 mm on the lateral rectus vs simple tenotomy and resuturing of the 4 horizontal rectus muscles

Change in foveation period durations of the waveform ‐ not reported · infantile nystagmus syndrome

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical interventions for infantile nystagmus syndrome 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of Findings Table ‐ Large retro‐equatorial recession of horizontal rectus muscle of 9 mm on the medial rectus and 12 mm on the lateral rectus vs simple tenotomy and resuturing of the 4 horizontal rectus muscles

Change in visual recognition times ‐ not reported · infantile nystagmus syndrome

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical interventions for infantile nystagmus syndrome 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of Findings Table ‐ Large retro‐equatorial recession of horizontal rectus muscle of 9 mm on the medial rectus and 12 mm on the lateral rectus vs simple tenotomy and resuturing of the 4 horizontal rectus muscles

Change in proportion of participants with adverse effects with a probable causal link to the treatment · infantile nystagmus syndrome

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical interventions for infantile nystagmus syndrome 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 10 participants
Very low

Summary of Findings Table ‐ Large retro‐equatorial recession of horizontal rectus muscle of 9 mm on the medial rectus and 12 mm on the lateral rectus vs simple tenotomy and resuturing of the 4 horizontal rectus muscles

Change in quality of life · infantile nystagmus syndrome

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical interventions for infantile nystagmus syndrome 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 10 participants
Very low

Any anti‐osteoporotic drugs vs placebo

Vertebral fracture by radiography · postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and CKD stages 3‐4

Any anti‐osteoporotic drugs may leads to lower vertebral fracture by radiography compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions versus placebo, no treatment or usual care for osteoporosis in people with chronic… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.52 [0.39, 0.69]
5 studies · 9054 participants
Low

Raloxifene vs placebo

Vertebral fracture by radiography · postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and CKD stages 5 and 5D

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions versus placebo, no treatment or usual care for osteoporosis in people with chronic… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Raloxifene vs placebo

Clinical fracture · postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and CKD stages 5 and 5D

It is very uncertain whether raloxifene changes clinical fracture compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions versus placebo, no treatment or usual care for osteoporosis in people with chronic… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.33 [0.01, 7.87]
1 study · 60 participants
Very low

Raloxifene vs placebo

Mean change in BMD of the femoral neck · postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and CKD stages 5 and 5D

It is very uncertain whether raloxifene changes mean change in BMD of the femoral neck compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions versus placebo, no treatment or usual care for osteoporosis in people with chronic… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 0.01 [0, 0.02]
2 studies · 110 participants
Very low

Raloxifene vs placebo

Mean change in BMD of the lumbar spine · postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and CKD stages 5 and 5D

Raloxifene may leads to higher mean change in BMD of the lumbar spine compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions versus placebo, no treatment or usual care for osteoporosis in people with chronic… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 0.03 [0.03, 0.04]
2 studies · 110 participants
Low