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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
3,601 questions in 252 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth
current versionsNo studies 726 · 20.2%Ungraded 421 · 11.7%Very low 828 · 23%Low 993 · 27.6%Moderate 486 · 13.5%High 147 · 4.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Acupuncture or acupressure plus analgesia vs analgesia Pain at six weeks after discharge · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Aromatherapy plus analgesia vs placebo plus analgesia Pain · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 360 participants | Low |
Aromatherapy plus analgesia vs placebo plus analgesia Pain · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 200 participants | Low |
Aromatherapy plus analgesia vs placebo plus analgesia Adverse effects (anxiety) · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 80 participants | Very low |
Acupuncture or acupressure vs no treatment Adverse effects – back pain · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 50 participants | Very low |
Aromatherapy plus analgesia vs placebo plus analgesia Vital signs: heart rate · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 80 participants | Very low |
Aromatherapy plus analgesia vs placebo plus analgesia Rescue analgesic requirement · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.69 [0.19, 2.49] | 3 studies · 220 participants | Very low |
Aromatherapy plus analgesia vs placebo plus analgesia Pain at six weeks after discharge · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Electromagnetic therapy plus analgesia vs placebo plus analgesia Pain · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 72 participants | Low |
Electromagnetic therapy plus analgesia vs placebo plus analgesia Pain · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 72 participants | Low |
Electromagnetic therapy plus analgesia vs placebo plus analgesia Adverse effects · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Electromagnetic therapy plus analgesia vs placebo plus analgesia Vital signs · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Electromagnetic therapy plus analgesia vs placebo plus analgesia Rescue analgesic requirement · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 72 participants | Low |
Electromagnetic therapy plus analgesia vs placebo plus analgesia Pain at six weeks after discharge · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Massage (foot and hand) plus analgesia vs analgesia Pain · patients with post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 651 participants | Very low |
Acupuncture or acupressure vs no treatment Vital signs · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Massage (foot and hand) plus analgesia vs analgesia Pain · patients with post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 230 participants | Very low |
Massage (foot and hand) plus analgesia vs analgesia Adverse effects (anxiety) · patients with post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 266 participants | Very low |
Massage (foot and hand) plus analgesia vs analgesia Vital signs ‐ heart rate · patients with post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 231 participants | Very low |
Massage (foot and hand) plus analgesia vs analgesia Vital signs ‐ respiratory rate · patients with post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 231 participants | Very low |
Massage (foot and hand) plus analgesia vs analgesia Rescue analgesic requirement · patients with post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.19 [0.09, 0.41] | 2 studies · 236 participants | Very low |
Massage (foot and hand) plus analgesia vs analgesia Pain at six weeks after discharge · patients with post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Music plus analgesia vs placebo plus analgesia Pain · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 115 participants | Low |
Music plus analgesia vs placebo plus analgesia Pain · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 38 participants | Low |
Music plus analgesia vs placebo plus analgesia Adverse effects (anxiety) · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 77 participants | Very low |
Music plus analgesia vs placebo plus analgesia Vital signs‐ heart hate · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 77 participants | Very low |
Acupuncture or acupressure vs no treatment Rescue analgesic requirement up to 24 hours · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Music plus analgesia vs placebo plus analgesia Rescue analgesic requirement (dose ‐ morphine) · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 77 participants | Low |
Music plus analgesia vs placebo plus analgesia Pain at six weeks after discharge · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Music plus analgesia vs analgesia Pain · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 38 participants | Low |
Music plus analgesia vs analgesia Pain · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 38 participants | Low |
Music plus analgesia vs analgesia Adverse effects · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Music plus analgesia vs analgesia Vital signs · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Music plus analgesia vs analgesia Rescue analgesic requirement (cumulative dose) – Tramadol · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 70 participants | Low |
Music plus analgesia vs analgesia Rescue analgesic requirement (cumulative dose) – Diclofenac · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 70 participants | Low |
Music plus analgesia vs analgesia Pain at 6 weeks after discharge · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Reiki plus analgesia vs analgesia Pain · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 90 participants | Very low |
Acupuncture or acupressure vs no treatment Pain at six weeks after discharge · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Reiki plus analgesia vs analgesia Pain · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 90 participants | Very low |
Reiki plus analgesia vs analgesia Adverse effects (anxiety) · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 90 participants | Very low |
Reiki plus analgesia vs analgesia Vital signs ‐ heart rate · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 90 participants | Very low |
Reiki plus analgesia vs analgesia Vital signs ‐ respiratory rate · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 90 participants | Very low |
Reiki plus analgesia vs analgesia Rescue analgesic requirement · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Reiki plus analgesia vs analgesia Pain at six weeks after discharge · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Relaxation vs standard care Pain · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
Relaxation vs standard care Pain · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Low |
Relaxation vs standard care Adverse effects · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Relaxation vs standard care Vital signs · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupuncture or acupressure plus analgesia vs placebo plus analgesia Pain · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 108 participants | Very low |
Relaxation vs standard care Rescue analgesic requirement · post‐caesarean pain Complementary and alternative therapies for post‐caesarean pain (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |