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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,434 questions in 139 reviews · Kidney and Transplant
current versionsNo studies 504 · 20.7%Ungraded 40 · 1.6%Very low 611 · 25.1%Low 790 · 32.5%Moderate 414 · 17%High 75 · 3.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Mizoribine regimen vs no mizoribine regimen Death (any cause) · adults and children who have IgA nephropathy proven on renal biopsy Immunosuppressive agents for treating IgA nephropathy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Mizoribine regimen vs no mizoribine regimen Infection · adults and children who have IgA nephropathy proven on renal biopsy Immunosuppressive agents for treating IgA nephropathy (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.52 [0.14, 16.15] | 2 studies · 104 participants | Very low |
Mizoribine regimen vs no mizoribine regimen Malignancy · adults and children who have IgA nephropathy proven on renal biopsy Immunosuppressive agents for treating IgA nephropathy (2020) · Cochrane | RR 3 [0.13, 69.7] | 1 study · 42 participants | Very low |
Leflunomide regimen vs no leflunomide regimen End‐stage kidney disease · adults and children who have IgA nephropathy proven on renal biopsy Immunosuppressive agents for treating IgA nephropathy (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.68 [0.17, 2.65] | 1 study · 85 participants | Very low |
Leflunomide regimen vs no leflunomide regimen Complete remission · adults and children who have IgA nephropathy proven on renal biopsy Immunosuppressive agents for treating IgA nephropathy (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.08 [0.8, 1.46] | 4 studies · 282 participants | Very low |
Leflunomide regimen vs no leflunomide regimen GFR loss ≥ 50% · adults and children who have IgA nephropathy proven on renal biopsy Immunosuppressive agents for treating IgA nephropathy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Leflunomide regimen vs no leflunomide regimen Annual GFR loss (mL/min/1.73 m2) · adults and children who have IgA nephropathy proven on renal biopsy Immunosuppressive agents for treating IgA nephropathy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Systemic corticosteroid vs no corticosteroid regimen Annual GFR loss (mL/min/1.73 m2) · adults and children who have IgA nephropathy proven on renal biopsy Immunosuppressive agents for treating IgA nephropathy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 359 participants | Moderate |
Leflunomide regimen vs no leflunomide regimen Death (any cause) · adults and children who have IgA nephropathy proven on renal biopsy Immunosuppressive agents for treating IgA nephropathy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Leflunomide regimen vs no leflunomide regimen Infection · adults and children who have IgA nephropathy proven on renal biopsy Immunosuppressive agents for treating IgA nephropathy (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.97 [0.45, 2.09] | 3 studies · 387 participants | Very low |
Leflunomide regimen vs no leflunomide regimen Malignancy · adults and children who have IgA nephropathy proven on renal biopsy Immunosuppressive agents for treating IgA nephropathy (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Systemic corticosteroid vs no corticosteroid regimen Death (any cause) Median · adults and children who have IgA nephropathy proven on renal biopsy Immunosuppressive agents for treating IgA nephropathy (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.85 [0.17, 20.19] | 1 study · 262 participants | Very low |
Systemic corticosteroid vs no corticosteroid regimen Infection Median · adults and children who have IgA nephropathy proven on renal biopsy Immunosuppressive agents for treating IgA nephropathy (2020) · Cochrane | RR 21.32 [1.27, 358.1] | 1 study · 262 participants | Very low |
Systemic corticosteroid vs no corticosteroid regimen Malignancy · adults and children who have IgA nephropathy proven on renal biopsy Immunosuppressive agents for treating IgA nephropathy (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.06, 15.48] | 1 study · 86 participants | Very low |
Cytotoxic regimen vs no cytotoxic regimen End‐stage kidney disease · adults and children who have IgA nephropathy proven on renal biopsy Immunosuppressive agents for treating IgA nephropathy (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.63 [0.33, 1.2] | 7 studies · 463 participants | Low |
Cytotoxic regimen vs no cytotoxic regimen Complete remission · adults and children who have IgA nephropathy proven on renal biopsy Immunosuppressive agents for treating IgA nephropathy (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.47 [0.94, 2.3] | 5 studies · 381 participants | Very low |
Aldosterone antagonists vs placebo or standard care Kidney failure · proteinuric CKD Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 3 [0.33, 27.65] | 2 studies · 84 participants | Very low |
Aldosterone antagonists vs diuretics Hyperkalaemia · proteinuric CKD Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Aldosterone antagonists vs diuretics Death · proteinuric CKD Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Aldosterone antagonists vs diuretics Cardiovascular events · proteinuric CKD Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Aldosterone antagonists vs diuretics Doubling serum creatinine · proteinuric CKD Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Aldosterone antagonists vs diuretics AKI · proteinuric CKD Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Aldosterone antagonists vs diuretics Proteinuria · proteinuric CKD Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 139 participants | Very low |
Aldosterone antagonists vs diuretics eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²) · proteinuric CKD Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 12 participants | Low |
Aldosterone antagonists vs calcium channel blockers Kidney failure · proteinuric CKD Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Aldosterone antagonists vs calcium channel blockers Hyperkalaemia · proteinuric CKD Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Aldosterone antagonists vs calcium channel blockers Death · proteinuric CKD Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Aldosterone antagonists vs placebo or standard care Hyperkalaemia · proteinuric CKD Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 2.17 [1.47, 3.22] | 17 studies · 3001 participants | Moderate |
Aldosterone antagonists vs calcium channel blockers Cardiovascular events · proteinuric CKD Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Aldosterone antagonists vs calcium channel blockers Doubling serum creatinine · proteinuric CKD Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Aldosterone antagonists vs calcium channel blockers AKI · proteinuric CKD Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Aldosterone antagonists vs calcium channel blockers Proteinuria · proteinuric CKD Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 37 participants | Low |
Aldosterone antagonists vs calcium channel blockers eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²) · proteinuric CKD Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Aldosterone antagonists vs ACEi or ACEi plus ARB Kidney failure · proteinuric chronic kidney disease Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Aldosterone antagonists vs ACEi or ACEi plus ARB Hyperkalaemia · proteinuric chronic kidney disease Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.62 [0.66, 3.95] | 2 studies · 500 participants | Low |
Aldosterone antagonists vs ACEi or ACEi plus ARB Death · proteinuric chronic kidney disease Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Aldosterone antagonists vs ACEi or ACEi plus ARB Cardiovascular events · proteinuric chronic kidney disease Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Aldosterone antagonists vs ACEi or ACEi plus ARB Doubling serum creatinine · proteinuric chronic kidney disease Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Aldosterone antagonists vs placebo or standard care Death · proteinuric CKD Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.58 [0.1, 3.5] | 3 studies · 421 participants | Low |
Aldosterone antagonists vs ACEi or ACEi plus ARB AKI · proteinuric chronic kidney disease Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Aldosterone antagonists vs ACEi or ACEi plus ARB Proteinuria · proteinuric chronic kidney disease Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 465 participants | Very low |
Aldosterone antagonists vs ACEi or ACEi plus ARB GFR (mL/min/1.73 m²) · proteinuric chronic kidney disease Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 18 participants | Low |
Aldosterone antagonist vs nitrate Kidney failure · proteinuric chronic kidney disease Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Aldosterone antagonist vs nitrate Hyperkalaemia · proteinuric chronic kidney disease Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Aldosterone antagonist vs nitrate Death · proteinuric chronic kidney disease Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Aldosterone antagonist vs nitrate Cardiovascular events · proteinuric chronic kidney disease Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Aldosterone antagonist vs nitrate Doubling serum creatinine · proteinuric chronic kidney disease Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Aldosterone antagonist vs nitrate AKI · proteinuric chronic kidney disease Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Aldosterone antagonist vs nitrate Proteinuria · proteinuric chronic kidney disease Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 29 participants | Low |
Aldosterone antagonists vs placebo or standard care Cardiovascular events · proteinuric CKD Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.95 [0.26, 3.56] | 3 studies · 1067 participants | Low |