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Search review questions

Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

Limit to evidence status or GRADE (optional)

1,852 questions in 128 reviews · Effective Practice and Organisation of Care

current versions
No studies 557 · 30.1%Ungraded 53 · 2.9%Very low 446 · 24.1%Low 476 · 25.7%Moderate 255 · 13.8%High 65 · 3.5%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

QuestionEffectEvidenceStatus / GRADE
Patient‐reported health information interventions vs comparisons to improve professional performance
Desirable patient health outcomes (0‐3 months · general patient population, "at risk" patient population and patient population with a specific condition or disease
Patient‐mediated interventions to improve professional practice (2018) · Cochrane
RR 1.62 [0.95, 2.76]1 study · 79 participantsVery low
Patient education interventions vs comparisons to improve professional performance
Adverse events · general patient population, "at risk" patient population and patient population with a specific condition or disease
Patient‐mediated interventions to improve professional practice (2018) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Patient education interventions vs comparisons to improve professional performance
Resource use · general patient population, "at risk" patient population and patient population with a specific condition or disease
Patient‐mediated interventions to improve professional practice (2018) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Patient decision aid interventions vs comparisons to improve professional performance
Adherence to recommended clinical practice (12 months · patient population with a specific condition or disease
Patient‐mediated interventions to improve professional practice (2018) · Cochrane
RR 0.86 [0.65, 1.15]1 study · 353 participantsLow
Patient decision aid interventions vs comparisons to improve professional performance
Desirable patient health outcomes · patient population with a specific condition or disease
Patient‐mediated interventions to improve professional practice (2018) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Patient decision aid interventions vs comparisons to improve professional performance
Undesirable patient health outcomes · patient population with a specific condition or disease
Patient‐mediated interventions to improve professional practice (2018) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Patient decision aid interventions vs comparisons to improve professional performance
Patient satisfaction Number of satisfied patients · patient population with a specific condition or disease
Patient‐mediated interventions to improve professional practice (2018) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Patient decision aid interventions vs comparisons to improve professional performance
Patient satisfaction The degree of satisfaction (unknown scale, but higher score means higher degree of satisfaction) · patient population with a specific condition or disease
Patient‐mediated interventions to improve professional practice (2018) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Patient decision aid interventions vs comparisons to improve professional performance
Adverse events · patient population with a specific condition or disease
Patient‐mediated interventions to improve professional practice (2018) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Patient decision aid interventions vs comparisons to improve professional performance
Resource use · patient population with a specific condition or disease
Patient‐mediated interventions to improve professional practice (2018) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Patient‐reported health information interventions vs comparisons to improve professional performance
Undesirable patient health outcomes · general patient population, "at risk" patient population and patient population with a specific condition or disease
Patient‐mediated interventions to improve professional practice (2018) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Patient‐reported health information interventions vs comparisons to improve professional performance
Patient satisfaction Number of satisfied patients (0‐3 months · general patient population, "at risk" patient population and patient population with a specific condition or disease
Patient‐mediated interventions to improve professional practice (2018) · Cochrane
RR 2.45 [1.27, 4.74]1 study · 26 participantsVery low
Patient‐reported health information interventions vs comparisons to improve professional performance
Patient satisfaction The degree of satisfaction (unknown scale, but higher score means higher degree of satisfaction) (0‐3 months · general patient population, "at risk" patient population and patient population with a specific condition or disease
Patient‐mediated interventions to improve professional practice (2018) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 79 participantsVery low
Patient‐reported health information interventions vs comparisons to improve professional performance
Adverse events · general patient population, "at risk" patient population and patient population with a specific condition or disease
Patient‐mediated interventions to improve professional practice (2018) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Patient‐reported health information interventions vs comparisons to improve professional performance
Resource use (0‐3 months · general patient population, "at risk" patient population and patient population with a specific condition or disease
Patient‐mediated interventions to improve professional practice (2018) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted3 participantsUngraded
Patient information interventions vs comparisons to improve professional performance
Adherence to recommended clinical practice (0‐12 months · general patient population, "at risk" patient population and patient population with a specific condition or disease
Patient‐mediated interventions to improve professional practice (2018) · Cochrane
RR 1.6 [1.2, 2.13]11 studies · 3502 participantsLow
Patient information interventions vs comparisons to improve professional performance
Desirable patient health outcomes (3‐12 months · general patient population, "at risk" patient population and patient population with a specific condition or disease
Patient‐mediated interventions to improve professional practice (2018) · Cochrane
RR 0.99 [0.79, 1.24]1 study · 261 participantsLow
Intervention NR
Mortality · Improving outcomes in older adult people admitted to a surgical service.
Comprehensive geriatric assessment for older people admitted to a surgical service (2018) · Cochrane
RR 0.85 [0.68, 1.05]1316 participantsModerate
Intervention NR
Discharge to an increased level of care · Improving outcomes in older adult people admitted to a surgical service.
Comprehensive geriatric assessment for older people admitted to a surgical service (2018) · Cochrane
RR 0.71 [0.55, 0.92]941 participantsHigh
Intervention NR
Length of stay · Improving outcomes in older adult people admitted to a surgical service.
Comprehensive geriatric assessment for older people admitted to a surgical service (2018) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted841 participantsModerate
Intervention NR
Re‐admission · Improving outcomes in older adult people admitted to a surgical service.
Comprehensive geriatric assessment for older people admitted to a surgical service (2018) · Cochrane
RR 1 [0.76, 1.32]741 participantsModerate
Intervention NR
Total cost · Improving outcomes in older adult people admitted to a surgical service.
Comprehensive geriatric assessment for older people admitted to a surgical service (2018) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted397 participantsModerate
Intervention NR
Major complication · Improving outcomes in older adult people admitted to a surgical service.
Comprehensive geriatric assessment for older people admitted to a surgical service (2018) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted579 participantsLow
Intervention NR
Major complication ‐ delirium · Improving outcomes in older adult people admitted to a surgical service.
Comprehensive geriatric assessment for older people admitted to a surgical service (2018) · Cochrane
RR 0.75 [0.6, 0.94]705 participantsLow
ICU follow‐up services vs standard care or no follow‐up service
Health‐related quality of life Scoring tool: EQ‐5D Direction of scale: lower scores indicate better HRQoL Time point of measurement: 12 months · adult survivors of the ICU, excluding those already in an existing follow‐up or rehabilitation programme
Follow‐up services for improving long‐term outcomes in intensive care unit (ICU) survivors (2018) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 286 participantsLow
ICU follow‐up services vs standard care or no follow‐up service
All‐cause mortality Time point of measurement: 2 months in 1 randomised study; 12 months in 3 randomised studies; 14 months in 1 non‐randomised study · adult survivors of the ICU, excluding those already in an existing follow‐up or rehabilitation programme
Follow‐up services for improving long‐term outcomes in intensive care unit (ICU) survivors (2018) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted4 studies · 1289 participantsModerate
ICU follow‐up services vs standard care or no follow‐up service
Depression and anxiety Scoring tool: HADS‐D and HADS‐A Direction of scale: lower scores indicate less depression and less anxiety Time point of measurement: 12 months in 2 randomised studies; 14 months in 1 non‐randomised study · adult survivors of the ICU, excluding those already in an existing follow‐up or rehabilitation programme
Follow‐up services for improving long‐term outcomes in intensive care unit (ICU) survivors (2018) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted3 studies · 1082 participantsVery low
ICU follow‐up services vs standard care or no follow‐up service
Post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Scoring tools: DVT, HTQ‐IV, IES, and PTSS‐10 Direction of scales: lower scores indicate less distressing symptoms of PTSD Time point of measurement: 12 months in 2 randomised studies; 14 months in 1 non‐random... · adult survivors of the ICU, excluding those already in an existing follow‐up or rehabilitation programme
Follow‐up services for improving long‐term outcomes in intensive care unit (ICU) survivors (2018) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted3 studies · 703 participantsLow
ICU follow‐up services vs standard care or no follow‐up service
Physical function Scoring tool: PCS Direction of scales: higher scores indicate improved physical function Time point of measurement: at 12 months in 3 randomised studies (using SF‐36), and at 2 months in 1 randomised study (using SF‐8) · adult survivors of the ICU, excluding those already in an existing follow‐up or rehabilitation programme
Follow‐up services for improving long‐term outcomes in intensive care unit (ICU) survivors (2018) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted2 studies · 422 participantsVery low
ICU follow‐up services vs standard care or no follow‐up service
Cognitive function Scoring tools: MCS of SF‐36 and SF‐8 Direction of scales: higher scores indicate improved cognitive function Time point of measurement: at 12 months in 2 randomised studies and at 6 months in 1 randomised study (using SF‐36), an... · adult survivors of the ICU, excluding those already in an existing follow‐up or rehabilitation programme
Follow‐up services for improving long‐term outcomes in intensive care unit (ICU) survivors (2018) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted3 studies · 622 participantsVery low
ICU follow‐up services vs standard care or no follow‐up service
Ability to return to work or education (reported at 12 months) · adult survivors of the ICU, excluding those already in an existing follow‐up or rehabilitation programme
Follow‐up services for improving long‐term outcomes in intensive care unit (ICU) survivors (2018) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 386 participantsVery low
ICU follow‐up services vs standard care or no follow‐up service
Adverse effects · adult survivors of the ICU, excluding those already in an existing follow‐up or rehabilitation programme
Follow‐up services for improving long‐term outcomes in intensive care unit (ICU) survivors (2018) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Pharmacists' non‐dispensing roles targeting non‐hospitalised patients vs the delivery of no comparable service
% outside blood pressure range · Health problem or population
Pharmacist services for non‐hospitalised patients (2018) · Cochrane
OR 0.4 [0.29, 0.55]4107 participantsLow
Pharmacists' non‐dispensing roles targeting non‐hospitalised patients vs the delivery of no comparable service
% outside HbA1c range · Health problem or population
Pharmacist services for non‐hospitalised patients (2018) · Cochrane
OR 0.29 [0.04, 2.22]558 participantsVery low
Pharmacists' non‐dispensing roles targeting non‐hospitalised patients vs the delivery of no comparable service
Hospital attendance/admission · Health problem or population
Pharmacist services for non‐hospitalised patients (2018) · Cochrane
OR 0.85 [0.65, 1.11]3631 participantsModerate
Pharmacists' non‐dispensing roles targeting non‐hospitalised patients vs the delivery of no comparable service
Adverse drug effects · Health problem or population
Pharmacist services for non‐hospitalised patients (2018) · Cochrane
OR 1.65 [0.84, 3.24]590 participantsLow
Pharmacists' non‐dispensing roles targeting non‐hospitalised patients vs the delivery of no comparable service
SF‐36 Physical Functioning · Health problem or population
Pharmacist services for non‐hospitalised patients (2018) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1329 participantsLow
Pharmacists' non‐dispensing roles targeting non‐hospitalised patients vs the delivery of no comparable service
Mortality · Health problem or population
Pharmacist services for non‐hospitalised patients (2018) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Effects of practice‐based interprofessional collaboration (IPC) interventions on professional practice and healthcare outcomes vs usual care
Patient health outcomes · health and social care professionals involved in the delivery of health services and patient care
Interprofessional collaboration to improve professional practice and healthcare outcomes (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Effects of practice‐based interprofessional collaboration (IPC) interventions on professional practice and healthcare outcomes vs alternative IPC intervention
Clinical process or efficiency outcomes · health and social care professionals involved in the delivery of health services and patient care
Interprofessional collaboration to improve professional practice and healthcare outcomes (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 100 participantsLow
Effects of practice‐based interprofessional collaboration (IPC) interventions on professional practice and healthcare outcomes vs alternative IPC intervention
Collaborative behaviour outcomes · health and social care professionals involved in the delivery of health services and patient care
Interprofessional collaboration to improve professional practice and healthcare outcomes (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 100 participantsLow
Effects of practice‐based interprofessional collaboration (IPC) interventions on professional practice and healthcare outcomes vs usual care
Patient functional status · health and social care professionals involved in the delivery of health services and patient care
Interprofessional collaboration to improve professional practice and healthcare outcomes (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 464 participantsLow
Effects of practice‐based interprofessional collaboration (IPC) interventions on professional practice and healthcare outcomes vs usual care
Patient‐assessed quality of care · health and social care professionals involved in the delivery of health services and patient care
Interprofessional collaboration to improve professional practice and healthcare outcomes (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 1185 participantsVery low
Effects of practice‐based interprofessional collaboration (IPC) interventions on professional practice and healthcare outcomes vs usual care
Patient mortality, morbidity or complication rates · health and social care professionals involved in the delivery of health services and patient care
Interprofessional collaboration to improve professional practice and healthcare outcomes (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Effects of practice‐based interprofessional collaboration (IPC) interventions on professional practice and healthcare outcomes vs usual care
Adherence to recommended practices · health and social care professionals involved in the delivery of health services and patient care
Interprofessional collaboration to improve professional practice and healthcare outcomes (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted3 studies · 2576 participantsLow
Effects of practice‐based interprofessional collaboration (IPC) interventions on professional practice and healthcare outcomes vs usual care
Continuity of care · health and social care professionals involved in the delivery of health services and patient care
Interprofessional collaboration to improve professional practice and healthcare outcomes (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 464 participantsVery low
Effects of practice‐based interprofessional collaboration (IPC) interventions on professional practice and healthcare outcomes vs usual care
dUse of healthcare resources · health and social care professionals involved in the delivery of health services and patient care
Interprofessional collaboration to improve professional practice and healthcare outcomes (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted4 studies · 1679 participantsLow
Effects of practice‐based interprofessional collaboration (IPC) interventions on professional practice and healthcare outcomes vs usual care
Collaborative working; team communication; team co‐ordination · health and social care professionals involved in the delivery of health services and patient care
Interprofessional collaboration to improve professional practice and healthcare outcomes (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted4 studies · 1936 participantsVery low
Effects of practice‐based interprofessional collaboration (IPC) interventions on professional practice and healthcare outcomes vs alternative IPC intervention
Patient health outcomes · health and social care professionals involved in the delivery of health services and patient care
Interprofessional collaboration to improve professional practice and healthcare outcomes (2017) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Mortality (3 ‐ 6 month · patients recovering from a stroke who otherwise would require acute hospital inpatient care
Early discharge hospital at home (2017) · Cochrane
RR 0.92 [0.57, 1.48]11 studies · 1114 participantsModerate