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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,852 questions in 128 reviews · Effective Practice and Organisation of Care
current versionsNo studies 557 · 30.1%Ungraded 53 · 2.9%Very low 446 · 24.1%Low 476 · 25.7%Moderate 255 · 13.8%High 65 · 3.5%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Patient‐reported health information interventions vs comparisons to improve professional performance Desirable patient health outcomes (0‐3 months · general patient population, "at risk" patient population and patient population with a specific condition or disease Patient‐mediated interventions to improve professional practice (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.62 [0.95, 2.76] | 1 study · 79 participants | Very low |
Patient education interventions vs comparisons to improve professional performance Adverse events · general patient population, "at risk" patient population and patient population with a specific condition or disease Patient‐mediated interventions to improve professional practice (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Patient education interventions vs comparisons to improve professional performance Resource use · general patient population, "at risk" patient population and patient population with a specific condition or disease Patient‐mediated interventions to improve professional practice (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Patient decision aid interventions vs comparisons to improve professional performance Adherence to recommended clinical practice (12 months · patient population with a specific condition or disease Patient‐mediated interventions to improve professional practice (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.86 [0.65, 1.15] | 1 study · 353 participants | Low |
Patient decision aid interventions vs comparisons to improve professional performance Desirable patient health outcomes · patient population with a specific condition or disease Patient‐mediated interventions to improve professional practice (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Patient decision aid interventions vs comparisons to improve professional performance Undesirable patient health outcomes · patient population with a specific condition or disease Patient‐mediated interventions to improve professional practice (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Patient decision aid interventions vs comparisons to improve professional performance Patient satisfaction Number of satisfied patients · patient population with a specific condition or disease Patient‐mediated interventions to improve professional practice (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Patient decision aid interventions vs comparisons to improve professional performance Patient satisfaction The degree of satisfaction (unknown scale, but higher score means higher degree of satisfaction) · patient population with a specific condition or disease Patient‐mediated interventions to improve professional practice (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Patient decision aid interventions vs comparisons to improve professional performance Adverse events · patient population with a specific condition or disease Patient‐mediated interventions to improve professional practice (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Patient decision aid interventions vs comparisons to improve professional performance Resource use · patient population with a specific condition or disease Patient‐mediated interventions to improve professional practice (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Patient‐reported health information interventions vs comparisons to improve professional performance Undesirable patient health outcomes · general patient population, "at risk" patient population and patient population with a specific condition or disease Patient‐mediated interventions to improve professional practice (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Patient‐reported health information interventions vs comparisons to improve professional performance Patient satisfaction Number of satisfied patients (0‐3 months · general patient population, "at risk" patient population and patient population with a specific condition or disease Patient‐mediated interventions to improve professional practice (2018) · Cochrane | RR 2.45 [1.27, 4.74] | 1 study · 26 participants | Very low |
Patient‐reported health information interventions vs comparisons to improve professional performance Patient satisfaction The degree of satisfaction (unknown scale, but higher score means higher degree of satisfaction) (0‐3 months · general patient population, "at risk" patient population and patient population with a specific condition or disease Patient‐mediated interventions to improve professional practice (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 79 participants | Very low |
Patient‐reported health information interventions vs comparisons to improve professional performance Adverse events · general patient population, "at risk" patient population and patient population with a specific condition or disease Patient‐mediated interventions to improve professional practice (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Patient‐reported health information interventions vs comparisons to improve professional performance Resource use (0‐3 months · general patient population, "at risk" patient population and patient population with a specific condition or disease Patient‐mediated interventions to improve professional practice (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 participants | Ungraded |
Patient information interventions vs comparisons to improve professional performance Adherence to recommended clinical practice (0‐12 months · general patient population, "at risk" patient population and patient population with a specific condition or disease Patient‐mediated interventions to improve professional practice (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.6 [1.2, 2.13] | 11 studies · 3502 participants | Low |
Patient information interventions vs comparisons to improve professional performance Desirable patient health outcomes (3‐12 months · general patient population, "at risk" patient population and patient population with a specific condition or disease Patient‐mediated interventions to improve professional practice (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 [0.79, 1.24] | 1 study · 261 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Mortality · Improving outcomes in older adult people admitted to a surgical service. Comprehensive geriatric assessment for older people admitted to a surgical service (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.85 [0.68, 1.05] | 1316 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Discharge to an increased level of care · Improving outcomes in older adult people admitted to a surgical service. Comprehensive geriatric assessment for older people admitted to a surgical service (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.71 [0.55, 0.92] | 941 participants | High |
Intervention NR Length of stay · Improving outcomes in older adult people admitted to a surgical service. Comprehensive geriatric assessment for older people admitted to a surgical service (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 841 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Re‐admission · Improving outcomes in older adult people admitted to a surgical service. Comprehensive geriatric assessment for older people admitted to a surgical service (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.76, 1.32] | 741 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Total cost · Improving outcomes in older adult people admitted to a surgical service. Comprehensive geriatric assessment for older people admitted to a surgical service (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 397 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Major complication · Improving outcomes in older adult people admitted to a surgical service. Comprehensive geriatric assessment for older people admitted to a surgical service (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 579 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Major complication ‐ delirium · Improving outcomes in older adult people admitted to a surgical service. Comprehensive geriatric assessment for older people admitted to a surgical service (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.75 [0.6, 0.94] | 705 participants | Low |
ICU follow‐up services vs standard care or no follow‐up service Health‐related quality of life Scoring tool: EQ‐5D Direction of scale: lower scores indicate better HRQoL Time point of measurement: 12 months · adult survivors of the ICU, excluding those already in an existing follow‐up or rehabilitation programme Follow‐up services for improving long‐term outcomes in intensive care unit (ICU) survivors (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 286 participants | Low |
ICU follow‐up services vs standard care or no follow‐up service All‐cause mortality Time point of measurement: 2 months in 1 randomised study; 12 months in 3 randomised studies; 14 months in 1 non‐randomised study · adult survivors of the ICU, excluding those already in an existing follow‐up or rehabilitation programme Follow‐up services for improving long‐term outcomes in intensive care unit (ICU) survivors (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 1289 participants | Moderate |
ICU follow‐up services vs standard care or no follow‐up service Depression and anxiety Scoring tool: HADS‐D and HADS‐A Direction of scale: lower scores indicate less depression and less anxiety Time point of measurement: 12 months in 2 randomised studies; 14 months in 1 non‐randomised study · adult survivors of the ICU, excluding those already in an existing follow‐up or rehabilitation programme Follow‐up services for improving long‐term outcomes in intensive care unit (ICU) survivors (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 1082 participants | Very low |
ICU follow‐up services vs standard care or no follow‐up service Post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Scoring tools: DVT, HTQ‐IV, IES, and PTSS‐10 Direction of scales: lower scores indicate less distressing symptoms of PTSD Time point of measurement: 12 months in 2 randomised studies; 14 months in 1 non‐random... · adult survivors of the ICU, excluding those already in an existing follow‐up or rehabilitation programme Follow‐up services for improving long‐term outcomes in intensive care unit (ICU) survivors (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 703 participants | Low |
ICU follow‐up services vs standard care or no follow‐up service Physical function Scoring tool: PCS Direction of scales: higher scores indicate improved physical function Time point of measurement: at 12 months in 3 randomised studies (using SF‐36), and at 2 months in 1 randomised study (using SF‐8) · adult survivors of the ICU, excluding those already in an existing follow‐up or rehabilitation programme Follow‐up services for improving long‐term outcomes in intensive care unit (ICU) survivors (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 422 participants | Very low |
ICU follow‐up services vs standard care or no follow‐up service Cognitive function Scoring tools: MCS of SF‐36 and SF‐8 Direction of scales: higher scores indicate improved cognitive function Time point of measurement: at 12 months in 2 randomised studies and at 6 months in 1 randomised study (using SF‐36), an... · adult survivors of the ICU, excluding those already in an existing follow‐up or rehabilitation programme Follow‐up services for improving long‐term outcomes in intensive care unit (ICU) survivors (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 622 participants | Very low |
ICU follow‐up services vs standard care or no follow‐up service Ability to return to work or education (reported at 12 months) · adult survivors of the ICU, excluding those already in an existing follow‐up or rehabilitation programme Follow‐up services for improving long‐term outcomes in intensive care unit (ICU) survivors (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 386 participants | Very low |
ICU follow‐up services vs standard care or no follow‐up service Adverse effects · adult survivors of the ICU, excluding those already in an existing follow‐up or rehabilitation programme Follow‐up services for improving long‐term outcomes in intensive care unit (ICU) survivors (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Pharmacists' non‐dispensing roles targeting non‐hospitalised patients vs the delivery of no comparable service % outside blood pressure range · Health problem or population Pharmacist services for non‐hospitalised patients (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.4 [0.29, 0.55] | 4107 participants | Low |
Pharmacists' non‐dispensing roles targeting non‐hospitalised patients vs the delivery of no comparable service % outside HbA1c range · Health problem or population Pharmacist services for non‐hospitalised patients (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.29 [0.04, 2.22] | 558 participants | Very low |
Pharmacists' non‐dispensing roles targeting non‐hospitalised patients vs the delivery of no comparable service Hospital attendance/admission · Health problem or population Pharmacist services for non‐hospitalised patients (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.85 [0.65, 1.11] | 3631 participants | Moderate |
Pharmacists' non‐dispensing roles targeting non‐hospitalised patients vs the delivery of no comparable service Adverse drug effects · Health problem or population Pharmacist services for non‐hospitalised patients (2018) · Cochrane | OR 1.65 [0.84, 3.24] | 590 participants | Low |
Pharmacists' non‐dispensing roles targeting non‐hospitalised patients vs the delivery of no comparable service SF‐36 Physical Functioning · Health problem or population Pharmacist services for non‐hospitalised patients (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1329 participants | Low |
Pharmacists' non‐dispensing roles targeting non‐hospitalised patients vs the delivery of no comparable service Mortality · Health problem or population Pharmacist services for non‐hospitalised patients (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Effects of practice‐based interprofessional collaboration (IPC) interventions on professional practice and healthcare outcomes vs usual care Patient health outcomes · health and social care professionals involved in the delivery of health services and patient care Interprofessional collaboration to improve professional practice and healthcare outcomes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Effects of practice‐based interprofessional collaboration (IPC) interventions on professional practice and healthcare outcomes vs alternative IPC intervention Clinical process or efficiency outcomes · health and social care professionals involved in the delivery of health services and patient care Interprofessional collaboration to improve professional practice and healthcare outcomes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 100 participants | Low |
Effects of practice‐based interprofessional collaboration (IPC) interventions on professional practice and healthcare outcomes vs alternative IPC intervention Collaborative behaviour outcomes · health and social care professionals involved in the delivery of health services and patient care Interprofessional collaboration to improve professional practice and healthcare outcomes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 100 participants | Low |
Effects of practice‐based interprofessional collaboration (IPC) interventions on professional practice and healthcare outcomes vs usual care Patient functional status · health and social care professionals involved in the delivery of health services and patient care Interprofessional collaboration to improve professional practice and healthcare outcomes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 464 participants | Low |
Effects of practice‐based interprofessional collaboration (IPC) interventions on professional practice and healthcare outcomes vs usual care Patient‐assessed quality of care · health and social care professionals involved in the delivery of health services and patient care Interprofessional collaboration to improve professional practice and healthcare outcomes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 1185 participants | Very low |
Effects of practice‐based interprofessional collaboration (IPC) interventions on professional practice and healthcare outcomes vs usual care Patient mortality, morbidity or complication rates · health and social care professionals involved in the delivery of health services and patient care Interprofessional collaboration to improve professional practice and healthcare outcomes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Effects of practice‐based interprofessional collaboration (IPC) interventions on professional practice and healthcare outcomes vs usual care Adherence to recommended practices · health and social care professionals involved in the delivery of health services and patient care Interprofessional collaboration to improve professional practice and healthcare outcomes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 2576 participants | Low |
Effects of practice‐based interprofessional collaboration (IPC) interventions on professional practice and healthcare outcomes vs usual care Continuity of care · health and social care professionals involved in the delivery of health services and patient care Interprofessional collaboration to improve professional practice and healthcare outcomes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 464 participants | Very low |
Effects of practice‐based interprofessional collaboration (IPC) interventions on professional practice and healthcare outcomes vs usual care dUse of healthcare resources · health and social care professionals involved in the delivery of health services and patient care Interprofessional collaboration to improve professional practice and healthcare outcomes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 1679 participants | Low |
Effects of practice‐based interprofessional collaboration (IPC) interventions on professional practice and healthcare outcomes vs usual care Collaborative working; team communication; team co‐ordination · health and social care professionals involved in the delivery of health services and patient care Interprofessional collaboration to improve professional practice and healthcare outcomes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 1936 participants | Very low |
Effects of practice‐based interprofessional collaboration (IPC) interventions on professional practice and healthcare outcomes vs alternative IPC intervention Patient health outcomes · health and social care professionals involved in the delivery of health services and patient care Interprofessional collaboration to improve professional practice and healthcare outcomes (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Mortality (3 ‐ 6 month · patients recovering from a stroke who otherwise would require acute hospital inpatient care Early discharge hospital at home (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.92 [0.57, 1.48] | 11 studies · 1114 participants | Moderate |