Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,841 questions · 1,893 findings · 109 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 546 · 28.8%GRADE not reported 117 · 6.2%Very low 613 · 32.4%Low 473 · 25%Moderate 118 · 6.2%High 26 · 1.4%

Topical anesthetics vs placebo or no intervention

Episodes of apnea · lumbar puncture in newborn infants

It is very uncertain whether topical anesthetics changes apnea: occurrence of one or more episodes№ of LPs: 100(1 quasi‐RCT) compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review