Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

777 questions · 792 findings · 40 reviews · Kidney and Transplant

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No studies found 232 · 29.3%GRADE not reported 3 · 0.4%Very low 218 · 27.5%Low 253 · 31.9%Moderate 76 · 9.6%High 10 · 1.3%

Leflunomide vs methotrexate

Dialysis · adults with renal vasculitis for maintenance therapy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Leflunomide vs methotrexate

Relapse · adults with renal vasculitis for maintenance therapy

Leflunomide showed no clear difference in relapse compared with methotrexate (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.5 [0.22, 1.11]
1 study · 54 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Total number of adverse events · adults with renal vasculitis

The intervention showed no clear difference in total number of adverse events (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.01 [0.91, 1.12]
5 studies · 956 participants
Low

Leflunomide vs methotrexate

Serious adverse events* · adults with renal vasculitis for maintenance therapy

Leflunomide showed no clear difference in serious adverse events* compared with methotrexate (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 11.81 [0.69, 203.68]
1 study · 54 participants
Low

Leflunomide vs methotrexate

Infection · adults with renal vasculitis for maintenance therapy

Leflunomide showed no clear difference in infection compared with methotrexate (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.17 [0.27, 106.88]
1 study · 54 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Serious infections · adults with renal vasculitis

The intervention may leads to higher serious infections (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.26 [1.03, 1.54]
5 studies · 956 participants
Low

Pulse cyclophosphamide vs continuous cyclophosphamide

Death at final · adults with renal vasculitis

Pulse cyclophosphamide showed no clear difference in death at final compared with continuous cyclophosphamide (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.77 [0.44, 1.32]
4 studies · 278 participants
Low

Pulse cyclophosphamide vs continuous cyclophosphamide

Serum creatinine (mg/dL) · adults with renal vasculitis

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 52 participants
Low

Topical treatments vs placebo

Capsaicin cream VAS and Duo’s score · uraemic pruritus

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for itch in people with advanced chronic kidney disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 112 participants
Moderate

Topical treatments vs placebo

Pramoxine lotion VAS(0 to 10 cm) · uraemic pruritus

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for itch in people with advanced chronic kidney disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 27 participants
Very low

Topical treatments vs placebo

Calcineurin inhibitor VAS(0 to 10 cm) · uraemic pruritus

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for itch in people with advanced chronic kidney disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 80 participants
Very low

Topical treatments vs placebo

Dead Sea lotion 1 to 5 severity score · uraemic pruritus

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for itch in people with advanced chronic kidney disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 41 participants
Very low

Topical treatments vs placebo

Cromolyn cream VAS (0 to 5 cm) · uraemic pruritus

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for itch in people with advanced chronic kidney disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 60 participants
Low

Topical treatments vs placebo

Baby oil Itch Severity Scale(0 to 21) · uraemic pruritus

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for itch in people with advanced chronic kidney disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 125 participants
Low

Topical treatments vs placebo

L‐arginine salve 0 to 3 severity score · uraemic pruritus

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for itch in people with advanced chronic kidney disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 48 participants
Low

Topical treatments vs placebo

Polyunsaturated fatty acids VAS (0 to 10 cm) Duo score · uraemic pruritus

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for itch in people with advanced chronic kidney disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 78 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Polyunsaturated fatty acids 0 to 5severity score · uraemic pruritus

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for itch in people with advanced chronic kidney disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 22 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

L‐carnitine VAS (0 to 6 cm) · uraemic pruritus

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for itch in people with advanced chronic kidney disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 12 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Zinc sulfate VAS (0 to 10 cm) · uraemic pruritus

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for itch in people with advanced chronic kidney disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 76 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Ergocalciferol 21 point scale · uraemic pruritus

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for itch in people with advanced chronic kidney disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 50 participants
Low