Intervention not reported
All‐cause mortality (within 30 days) · adults undergoing cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia
The intervention showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality (within 30 days) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Acute myocardial infarction (within 30 days) · adults undergoing cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia
The intervention showed no clear difference in acute myocardial infarction (within 30 days) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Cerebrovascular events (within 30 days) · adults undergoing cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes cerebrovascular events (within 30 days) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Ventricular arrhythmias (within 30 days) · adults undergoing cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia
The intervention may leads to lower ventricular arrhythmias (within 30 days) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Atrial fibrillation or flutter, or both (within 30 days) · adults undergoing cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia
The intervention may leads to lower atrial fibrillation or flutter, or both (within 30 days) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Bradycardia (within 30 days; as defined by study authors, minimum heart rate < 60 beats per minute or requiring medication) · adults undergoing cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia
The intervention showed no clear difference in bradycardia (within 30 days; as defined by study authors, minimum… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Hypotension (within 30 days; as defined by study authors, minimum systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg or requiring medication) · adults undergoing cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia
The intervention showed no clear difference in hypotension (within 30 days; as defined by study authors, minimum… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Early all‐cause mortality (within 30 days) · adults undergoing non‐cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia (to include: low‐risk, medium‐risk, and high‐risk surgeries)
Perioperative beta‐blockers showed no clear difference in early all‐cause mortality (within 30 days) compared with placebo or standard care (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Myocardial infarction (0 to 30 days) · adults undergoing non‐cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia (to include: low‐risk, medium‐risk, and high‐risk surgeries)
Perioperative beta‐blockers may leads to lower acute myocardial infarction (within 30 days) compared with placebo or standard care (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Cerebrovascular events (within 30 days) · adults undergoing non‐cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia (to include: low‐risk, medium‐risk, and high‐risk surgeries)
Perioperative beta‐blockers showed no clear difference in cerebrovascular events (within 30 days) compared with placebo or standard care (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Ventricular arrhythmias (within 30 days) · adults undergoing non‐cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia (to include: low‐risk, medium‐risk, and high‐risk surgeries)
It is very uncertain whether perioperative beta‐blockers changes ventricular arrhythmias (within 30 days) compared with placebo or standard care (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter, or both (within 30 days) · adults undergoing non‐cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia (to include: low‐risk, medium‐risk, and high‐risk surgeries)
Perioperative beta‐blockers may leads to lower atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter, or both (within 30 days) compared with placebo or standard care (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Bradycardia · adults undergoing non‐cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia (to include: low‐risk, medium‐risk, and high‐risk surgeries)
Perioperative beta‐blockers may leads to higher bradycardia (within 30 days; as defined by study authors, minimum… compared with placebo or standard care (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Hypotension · adults undergoing non‐cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia (to include: low‐risk, medium‐risk, and high‐risk surgeries)
Perioperative beta‐blockers probably leads to higher hypotension (within 30 days; as defined by study authors, minimum… compared with placebo or standard care (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Nausea severity · adults and children having any type of surgical procedure under general anaesthesia, regional anaesthesia or sedation, as hospital…
1 finding from 1 review
Patient satisfaction with treatment Measured by a validated scale · adults and children having any type of surgical procedure under general anaesthesia, regional anaesthesia or sedation, as hospital…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Nausea severity · adults and children having any type of surgical procedure under general anaesthesia, regional anaesthesia or sedation, as hospital…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Nausea duration (measured as nausea‐free at end of treatment) Assessed by time (minutes) to 50% reduction in nausea score Scale from: 0 to 120 · adults and children having any type of surgical procedure under general anaesthesia, regional anaesthesia or sedation, as hospital…
1 finding from 1 review
Rescue antiemetic · adults and children having any type of surgical procedure under general anaesthesia, regional anaesthesia or sedation, as hospital…
Isopropyl alcohol probably leads to lower use of rescue antiemetics Assessed by proportion requiring antiemetics compared with standard treatment (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Patient satisfaction with treatment · adults and children having any type of surgical procedure under general anaesthesia, regional anaesthesia or sedation, as hospital…
It is very uncertain whether isopropyl alcohol changes patient satisfaction with treatment compared with standard treatment (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review