Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

577 questions · 585 findings · 57 reviews

No studies found 61 · 10.4%GRADE not reported 46 · 7.9%Very low 206 · 35.2%Low 210 · 35.9%Moderate 52 · 8.9%High 10 · 1.7%

IM pethidine vs placebo

Maternal satisfaction with analgesia measured during labour (number of women satisfied or very satisfied after 30 minutes) · women in labour

It is very uncertain whether IM pethidine changes maternal satisfaction with analgesia measured during labour (number… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Maternal satisfaction with analgesia (Analgesic effect described as satisfactory (not clear when measured))
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Maternal pain score or pain measured in labour (Pain intensity 4 or 5 on 5‐point scale (1 hour))
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Maternal satisfaction with analgesia in labour measured during the postnatal period (Global assessment of pain relief at 24 hours)
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Maternal pain score or pain measured in labour (Pain intensity at 1 hour (moderate or severe))
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Maternal satisfaction with analgesia measured during labour (Pain relief (good or very good) at delivery)
1 finding from 1 review

IM pethidine vs placebo

Maternal pain score or pain measured in labour (described as good or fair after 1 hour) · women in labour

IM pethidine may leads to higher maternal pain score or pain measured in labour (described as good or… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Maternal pain score or pain measured in labour (Pain relief poor (partial, none or worse)) ‐ No add‐on drugs
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Maternal pain score or pain measured in labour (Pain relief poor (partial, none or worse)) ‐ With promazine
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Maternal satisfaction with analgesia measured during the postnatal period (numbers dissatisfied)
1 finding from 1 review