Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,615 questions · 1,673 findings · 190 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 278 · 16.6%GRADE not reported 85 · 5.1%Very low 328 · 19.6%Low 460 · 27.5%Moderate 402 · 24%High 120 · 7.2%

No monitoring vs frequent monitoring (12 hours or less) of gastric residual volume

Mortality (at the end of · adults receiving EN via nasogastric or gastrostomy tube

It is very uncertain whether no monitoring changes mortality (at the end of compared with frequent monitoring (12 hours or less) of gastric residual volume (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

No monitoring vs frequent monitoring (12 hours or less) of gastric residual volume

Pneumonia · adults receiving EN via nasogastric or gastrostomy tube

It is very uncertain whether no monitoring changes pneumonia (until discontinued or up to 28 days) compared with frequent monitoring (12 hours or less) of gastric residual volume (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dihydrocodeine vs buprenorphine

Abstinence · individuals dependent on illicit opiates

Dihydrocodeine showed no clear difference in abstinence Assessed by urinalysis post‐detoxification compared with buprenorphine (low certainty).

3 findings from 1 review