Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,752 questions · 6,648 findings · 688 reviews

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No studies found 1,125 · 16.9%GRADE not reported 670 · 10.1%Very low 1,796 · 27%Low 1,685 · 25.3%Moderate 1,075 · 16.2%High 297 · 4.5%

Ranked among the 5,000 newest matching findings; add words or filters to narrow the search.

LABA/ICS vs LABA

Moderate to severe exacerbations: high‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LABA/ICS leads to lower moderate to severe exacerbations: high‐risk population compared with LABA (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.81 [0.75, 0.89]
10 studies · 9041 participants
High

LABA/ICS vs LABA

Moderate to severe exacerbations: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LABA/ICS probably leads to lower moderate to severe exacerbations: low‐risk population compared with LABA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.83 [0.7, 0.98]
6 studies · 6689 participants
Moderate

LABA/ICS vs LABA

Severe exacerbations: high‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LABA/ICS showed no clear difference in severe exacerbations: high‐risk population compared with LABA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.91 [0.74, 1.13]
5 studies · 4216 participants
Moderate

LABA/ICS vs LABA

Severe exacerbations: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LABA/ICS showed no clear difference in severe exacerbations: low‐risk population compared with LABA (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.06 [0.9, 1.24]
6 studies · 6482 participants
High

LABA/ICS vs LABA

Pneumonia: high‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LABA/ICS probably leads to higher pneumonia: high‐risk population compared with LABA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.46 [1.03, 2.08]
14 studies · 12586 participants
Moderate

LABA/LAMA vs LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)

Severe exacerbations: high‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LABA/LAMA showed no clear difference in severe exacerbations: high‐risk population compared with LABA/ICS (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.88 [0.74, 1.06]
1 study · 3354 participants
Moderate

LABA/ICS vs LABA

Pneumonia: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LABA/ICS leads to higher pneumonia: low‐risk population compared with LABA (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.64 [1.25, 2.14]
6 studies · 6705 participants
High

LAMA vs LABA

Moderate to severe exacerbations: high‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LAMA leads to lower moderate to severe exacerbations: high‐risk population compared with LABA (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.84 [0.76, 0.92]
1 study · 7376 participants
High

LAMA vs LABA

Moderate to severe exacerbations: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LAMA showed no clear difference in moderate to severe exacerbations: low‐risk population compared with LABA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.92 [0.79, 1.07]
5 studies · 4567 participants
Moderate

LAMA vs LABA

Severe exacerbations: high‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LAMA showed no clear difference in severe exacerbations: high‐risk population compared with LABA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.88 [0.78, 1.01]
1 study · 7376 participants
Moderate

LAMA vs LABA

Severe exacerbations: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LAMA showed no clear difference in severe exacerbations: low‐risk population compared with LABA (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.64 [0.36, 1.13]
4 studies · 3320 participants
Low

LAMA vs LABA

Pneumonia: high‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LAMA showed no clear difference in pneumonia: high‐risk population compared with LABA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.83 [0.61, 1.13]
2 studies · 10815 participants
Moderate

LAMA vs LABA

Pneumonia: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LAMA showed no clear difference in pneumonia: low‐risk population compared with LABA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.01 [0.61, 1.69]
10 studies · 11338 participants
Moderate

LABA/LAMA vs LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)

Severe exacerbations: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LABA/LAMA showed no clear difference in severe exacerbations: low‐risk population compared with LABA/ICS (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.66 [0.27, 1.63]
4 studies · 2860 participants
Moderate

LABA/LAMA vs LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)

Pneumonia: high‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LABA/LAMA probably leads to lower pneumonia: high‐risk population compared with LABA/ICS (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.62 [0.4, 0.96]
1 study · 3358 participants
Moderate

LABA/LAMA vs LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)

Pneumonia: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LABA/LAMA probably leads to lower pneumonia: low‐risk population compared with LABA/ICS (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.43 [0.19, 0.97]
7 studies · 5395 participants
Moderate

LABA/LAMA vs LAMA

Moderate to severe exacerbations: high‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LABA/LAMA showed no clear difference in moderate to severe exacerbations: high‐risk population compared with LAMA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.06 [0.89, 1.27]
1 study · 2206 participants
Moderate

LABA/LAMA vs LAMA

Moderate to severe exacerbations: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LABA/LAMA showed no clear difference in moderate to severe exacerbations: low‐risk population compared with LAMA (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.93 [0.66, 1.3]
8 studies · 5192 participants
Low

LABA/LAMA vs LAMA

Severe exacerbations: high‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LABA/LAMA showed no clear difference in severe exacerbations: high‐risk population compared with LAMA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dual combination therapy versus long‐acting bronchodilators alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.73 [0.45, 1.16]
1 study · 304 participants
Moderate

Early taxane‐based chemotherapy and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) vs ADT only

Death (all causes)

Early taxane‐based chemotherapy and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) probably leads to lower time to death due to any cause (absolute effect size estimates based… compared with ADT only (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Taxane‐based chemohormonal therapy for metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.77 [0.68, 0.87]
3 studies · 2261 participants
Moderate