Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,756 questions · 11,779 findings · 747 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 3,205 · 27.2%GRADE not reported 628 · 5.3%Very low 3,261 · 27.7%Low 2,913 · 24.7%Moderate 1,453 · 12.3%High 319 · 2.7%

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Laxative vs placebo

Adverse effects on babies: loose stools · women in the postpartum period

It is very uncertain whether laxative changes adverse effects on babies: loose stools compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Laxative vs placebo

Adverse effects on babies: diarrhoea · women in the postpartum period

It is very uncertain whether laxative changes adverse effects on babies: diarrhoea compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Laxative plus bulking agent vs laxative alone

Adverse effects on women: faecal incontinence during first 10 postpartum days · postpartum women who underwent surgical repair of third degree perineal tears

It is very uncertain whether laxative plus bulking agent changes adverse effects on women: faecal incontinence during first 10… compared with laxative alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Laxative vs placebo

Time to first BM (№ women with 1st BM on day 1 after delivery) · women in the postpartum period

Laxative may leads to higher time to first bowel movement (BM) (№ women with 1st BM less than 24… compared with placebo (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Laxative vs placebo

Time to first BM (№ women with 1st BM on day 2 after delivery) · women in the postpartum period

Laxative may leads to lower time to first BM (№ women with 1st BM on day 2 after delivery) compared with placebo (low certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Laxative vs placebo

Adverse effects on women: abdominal cramps · women in the postpartum period

Laxative may leads to higher adverse effects on women: abdominal cramps compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topical vitamin D derivative vs placebo

Proportion of participants with adverse effects ‐ measured over 8 weeks · chronic palmoplantar pustulosis

Topical vitamin D derivative showed no clear difference in proportion of participants with adverse effects ‐ measured over 8… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review