Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,587 questions · 5,761 findings · 495 reviews

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No studies found 1,011 · 17.5%GRADE not reported 1,797 · 31.2%Very low 1,100 · 19.1%Low 1,052 · 18.3%Moderate 649 · 11.3%High 152 · 2.6%

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Any intermittent iron regimen (with or without other vitamins and minerals) vs daily regimen (with same vitamins and minerals)‐maternal outcomes

Birthweight (g) · Women receiving supplements in pregnancy

Any intermittent iron regimen (with or without other vitamins and… showed no clear difference in birthweight (g) compared with daily regimen (with same vitamins and minerals)‐infant outcomes (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intermittent oral iron supplementation during pregnancy 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 5.13
9 studies · 1939 participants
Low

Any intermittent iron regimen (with or without other vitamins and minerals) vs daily regimen (with same vitamins and minerals)‐maternal outcomes

Gestational age (preterm birth < 37 weeks) · Women receiving supplements in pregnancy

Any intermittent iron regimen (with or without other vitamins and… showed no clear difference in premature birth (less than 37 weeks of gestation) compared with daily regimen (with same vitamins and minerals)‐infant outcomes (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intermittent oral iron supplementation during pregnancy 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.03 [0.76, 1.39]
5 studies · 1177 participants
Low

Any intermittent iron regimen (with or without other vitamins and minerals) vs daily regimen (with same vitamins and minerals)‐maternal outcomes

Neonatal mortality · Women receiving supplements in pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether any intermittent iron regimen (with or without other vitamins and… changes neonatal death (within 28 days after delivery) compared with daily regimen (with same vitamins and minerals)‐infant outcomes (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intermittent oral iron supplementation during pregnancy 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.49 [0.04, 5.42]
1 study · 795 participants
Very low

Any intermittent iron regimen (with or without other vitamins and minerals) vs daily regimen (with same vitamins and minerals)‐maternal outcomes

Congenital anomalies (including neural tube defects) · Women receiving supplements in pregnancy

1 finding from 1 review

Intermittent oral iron supplementation during pregnancy 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Any intermittent iron regimen (with or without other vitamins and minerals) vs daily regimen (with same vitamins and minerals)‐maternal outcomes

Maternal anaemia at term (Hb less than 110 g/L at 37 weeks' gestation or more) (ALL) · Women receiving supplements in pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether any intermittent iron regimen (with or without other vitamins and… changes maternal anaemia at term (Hb less than 110 g/L at 37 weeks'… compared with daily regimen (with same vitamins and minerals)‐maternal outcomes (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intermittent oral iron supplementation during pregnancy 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.22 [0.84, 1.8]
4 studies · 676 participants
Very low

Any intermittent iron regimen (with or without other vitamins and minerals) vs daily regimen (with same vitamins and minerals)‐maternal outcomes

Iron deficiency at term (as defined by trialists, based on any indicator of iron status at 37 wk gestation or more) · Women receiving supplements in pregnancy

1 finding from 1 review

Intermittent oral iron supplementation during pregnancy 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Any intermittent iron regimen (with or without other vitamins and minerals) vs daily regimen (with same vitamins and minerals)‐maternal outcomes

Maternal iron‐deficiency anaemia at term (Hb less than 110 g/L and at least 1 additional laboratory indicators at 37 weeks' gestation or more) · Women receiving supplements in pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether any intermittent iron regimen (with or without other vitamins and… changes maternal iron‐deficiency anaemia at term (Hb less than 110 g/L and… compared with daily regimen (with same vitamins and minerals)‐maternal outcomes (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intermittent oral iron supplementation during pregnancy 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.71 [0.08, 6.63]
1 study · 156 participants
Very low

Any intermittent iron regimen (with or without other vitamins and minerals) vs daily regimen (with same vitamins and minerals)‐maternal outcomes

Maternal death · Women receiving supplements in pregnancy

Any intermittent iron regimen (with or without other vitamins and… led to lower maternal death (death while pregnant or within 42 days of… compared with daily regimen (with same vitamins and minerals)‐maternal outcomes; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Intermittent oral iron supplementation during pregnancy 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0 [0, 0]
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

At least 50% of maximum pain relief over 4 to 6 h · adults with moderate or severe acute postoperative pain

The intervention leads to higher at least 50% of maximum pain relief over 4 to 6 h (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single dose oral ibuprofen plus codeine for acute postoperative pain in adults 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 4.1 [2.8, 5.9]
Studies not reported
High

Intervention not reported

Participants with at least 1 adverse event · adults with moderate or severe acute postoperative pain

The intervention showed no clear difference in participants with at least 1 adverse event (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single dose oral ibuprofen plus codeine for acute postoperative pain in adults 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.2 [0.84, 1.7]
Studies not reported
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Participants with a serious adverse event · adults with moderate or severe acute postoperative pain

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Single dose oral ibuprofen plus codeine for acute postoperative pain in adults 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Deaths · adults with moderate or severe acute postoperative pain

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Single dose oral ibuprofen plus codeine for acute postoperative pain in adults 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

FAE vs placebo

PASI score (scale range from 0 to 72 (higher score indicates more severe psoriasis)) · psoriasis

1 finding from 1 review

Oral fumaric acid esters for psoriasis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 418 participants
Low

FAE vs MTX

Quality of life (QoL) ‐ not measured · psoriasis

1 finding from 1 review

Oral fumaric acid esters for psoriasis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

FAE vs MTX

Common nuisance AEs (not leading to treatment discontinuation) · psoriasis

It is very uncertain whether FAE changes common nuisance AEs (not leading to treatment discontinuation) compared with MTX (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral fumaric acid esters for psoriasis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.89 [0.77, 1.03]
1 study · 54 participants
Very low

FAE vs MTX

PASI 50 · psoriasis

It is very uncertain whether FAE changes PASI 50 compared with MTX (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral fumaric acid esters for psoriasis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.71 [0.41, 1.22]
1 study · 51 participants
Very low

FAE vs MTX

Percentage of participants reaching PASI 75 · psoriasis

It is very uncertain whether FAE changes PASI 75 compared with MTX (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral fumaric acid esters for psoriasis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.8 [0.28, 2.29]
1 study · 51 participants
Very low

FAE vs MTX

PASI 90 · psoriasis

It is very uncertain whether FAE changes PASI 90 compared with MTX (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral fumaric acid esters for psoriasis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.48 [0.05, 4.98]
1 study · 51 participants
Very low

FAE vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · psoriasis

1 finding from 1 review

Oral fumaric acid esters for psoriasis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 27 participants
Very low

FAE vs placebo

QoL · psoriasis

1 finding from 1 review

Oral fumaric acid esters for psoriasis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 175 participants
Low