Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

600 questions · 627 findings · 57 reviews

No studies found 131 · 20.9%GRADE not reported 91 · 14.5%Very low 167 · 26.6%Low 143 · 22.8%Moderate 76 · 12.1%High 19 · 3%

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF; palifermin or repifermin), intravenous vs placebo

Normalcy of diet (mean worst ability to eat, 1 to 4 scale) · Adults with cancer receiving treatment

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF; palifermin or repifermin),… showed no clear difference in normalcy of diet (mean worst ability to eat, 1 to 4 scale) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF; pegfilgrastim, single dose) vs Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF; filgrastim, multiple doses)

Normalcy of diet (total parenteral nutrition) · Children receiving bone marrow/stem cell transplantation after conditioning therapy for mixed cancers

Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF; pegfilgrastim, single… showed no clear difference in normalcy of diet (total parenteral nutrition) compared with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF; filgrastim, multiple…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), mouthwash vs Sucralfate mouthwash

Normalcy of diet (percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy) · Adults receiving radiotherapy to the head and neck

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), mouthwash showed no clear difference in normalcy of diet (percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy) compared with sucralfate mouthwash; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF; palifermin or repifermin), intravenous vs placebo

Normalcy of diet (supplemental nutrition: TPN, PEG, nasogastric tube or IV hydration) · Adults with cancer receiving treatment

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF; palifermin or repifermin),… showed no clear difference in normalcy of diet (supplemental nutrition: TPN, PEG, nasogastric tube… compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

GM-CSF vs placebo or no treatment

Normalcy of diet (total parenteral nutrition) · Adults with cancer receiving treatment

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) showed no clear difference in normalcy of diet (total parenteral nutrition) compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

G‐CSF vs placebo or no treatment

Normalcy of diet (percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy) · Adults with cancer receiving treatment

Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) showed no clear difference in normalcy of diet (percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy) compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF; palifermin or repifermin), intravenous vs placebo

Normalcy of diet (total parenteral nutrition) · Adults with cancer receiving treatment

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF; palifermin or repifermin),… showed no clear difference in normalcy of diet (total parenteral nutrition) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

GM-CSF vs placebo or no treatment

Normalcy of diet (tube feeding) · Adults with cancer receiving treatment

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) showed no clear difference in normalcy of diet (tube feeding) compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Epidermal growth factor (EGF), oral spray vs placebo

Normalcy of diet (total parenteral nutrition) · Adults with cancer receiving treatment

Epidermal growth factor (EGF), oral spray showed no clear difference in normalcy of diet (total parenteral nutrition) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Oral cryotherapy (ice chips, ice-cold water, ice cubes or crushed ice held in the mouth during cancer treatment) vs no intervention or control intervention (control)

Normalcy of diet (total parenteral nutrition) · All patients with cancer who are receiving treatment

It is very uncertain whether oral cryotherapy (ice chips, ice-cold water, ice cubes or crushed… changes normalcy of diet (days of total parenteral nutrition, TPN) compared with control (no treatment or standard/usual oral care, e.g. saline rinse) (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Open reduction and fixation vs Closed (conservative) management (no active intervention other than soft diet, analgesics or antibiotics; or intermaxillary/maxillary-mandibular fixation with rigid or elastic traction)

Outcome not reported · Adults, over 18 years of age, with unilateral or bilateral fractures of the mandibular condyles

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Potassium citrate vs no intervention

Proportion of participants who developed a new urinary stone · children with idiopathic urinary calculi treated with shockwave lithotripsy

Potassium citrate may leads to lower proportion of participants who developed a new urinary stone compared with no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Salt intake in grams per day ‐ all eligible studies that provided sufficient data for quantitative analysis of overall impact (n = 10 countries) · ‐level interventions in national government jurisdictions to reduce sodium consumption
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Salt intake in grams per day ‐ subset of initiatives that are multi‐component and incorporate activities of a structural nature (n = 7 countries) · ‐level interventions in national government jurisdictions to reduce sodium consumption
1 finding from 1 review