Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,776 questions · 7,311 findings · 959 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 1,498 · 20.5%GRADE not reported 303 · 4.1%Very low 1,839 · 25.2%Low 1,991 · 27.2%Moderate 1,277 · 17.5%High 403 · 5.5%

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BoNT‐A vs sham

Instrumented gait analysis (kinematics) (not measured) · children with CP

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review

BoNT‐A vs serial casting

Instrumented gait analysis (peak ankle dorsiflexion in stance) · children with CP
3 findings from 1 review

BoNT‐A vs serial casting

Observational gait analysis · children with CP
3 findings from 1 review

BoNT‐A vs serial casting

Function · children with CP
3 findings from 1 review

BoNT‐A vs serial casting

Satisfaction (not measured) · children with CP

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

3 findings from 1 review

BoNT‐A vs serial casting

Spasticity (ankle plantarflexors) · children with CP
3 findings from 1 review

BoNT‐A vs serial casting

Adverse events · children with CP

BoNT‐A showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with serial casting (low certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine vs other local anaesthetic

Presence of any TNS –lidocaine vs bupivacaine · adults undergoing surgery

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine probably leads to lower presence of any TNS –lidocaine vs bupivacaine compared with other local anaesthetic (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine vs other local anaesthetic

Presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs 2‐chloroprocaine · adults undergoing surgery

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine showed no clear difference in presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs 2‐chloroprocaine compared with other local anaesthetic (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review