What do systematic reviews say?

BoNT‐A vs orthoses

• Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 43 participants
  Very low

BoNT‐A vs orthoses

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

BoNT‐A vs usual care or physiotherapy

• Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 40 participants
  Very low

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine vs other local anaesthetic

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine probably leads to lower presence of any TNS –lidocaine vs bupivacaine compared with other local anaesthetic (moderate certainty).

• Transient neurological symptoms (TNS) following spinal anaesthesia with lidocaine versus other local anaesthetics in… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.16 [0.09, 0.28]
  12 studies · 1220 participants
  Moderate

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine vs other local anaesthetic

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine showed no clear difference in presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs 2‐chloroprocaine compared with other local anaesthetic (low certainty).

• Transient neurological symptoms (TNS) following spinal anaesthesia with lidocaine versus other local anaesthetics in… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.09 [0.01, 1.51]
  2 studies · 94 participants
  Low

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine vs other local anaesthetic

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine may leads to lower presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs levobupivacaine compared with other local anaesthetic (low certainty).

• Transient neurological symptoms (TNS) following spinal anaesthesia with lidocaine versus other local anaesthetics in… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.13 [0.02, 0.69]
  2 studies · 120 participants
  Low

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine vs other local anaesthetic

It is very uncertain whether risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine changes presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs mepivacaine compared with other local anaesthetic (very low certainty).

• Transient neurological symptoms (TNS) following spinal anaesthesia with lidocaine versus other local anaesthetics in… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.01 [0.18, 5.82]
  4 studies · 274 participants
  Very low

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine vs other local anaesthetic

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine probably leads to lower presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs prilocaine compared with other local anaesthetic (moderate certainty).

• Transient neurological symptoms (TNS) following spinal anaesthesia with lidocaine versus other local anaesthetics in… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.18 [0.07, 0.49]
  4 studies · 429 participants
  Moderate

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine vs other local anaesthetic

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine probably leads to lower presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs procaine compared with other local anaesthetic (moderate certainty).

• Transient neurological symptoms (TNS) following spinal anaesthesia with lidocaine versus other local anaesthetics in… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.14 [0.04, 0.52]
  2 studies · 130 participants
  Moderate

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine vs other local anaesthetic

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine may leads to lower presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs ropivacaine compared with other local anaesthetic (low certainty).

• Transient neurological symptoms (TNS) following spinal anaesthesia with lidocaine versus other local anaesthetics in… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.1 [0.01, 0.78]
  2 studies · 90 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention probably leads to lower all VTE (moderate certainty).

• Prolonged thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin for abdominal or pelvic surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.38 [0.26, 0.54]
  7 studies · 1728 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention probably leads to lower all DVT (sensitivity analysis unpublished) (moderate certainty).

• Prolonged thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin for abdominal or pelvic surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.4 [0.27, 0.58]
  6 studies · 1620 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention probably leads to lower all DVT (moderate certainty).

• Prolonged thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin for abdominal or pelvic surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.39 [0.27, 0.55]
  7 studies · 1728 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention probably leads to lower proximal DVT (moderate certainty).

• Prolonged thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin for abdominal or pelvic surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.22 [0.1, 0.47]
  7 studies · 1728 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in symptomatic VTE (moderate certainty).

• Prolonged thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin for abdominal or pelvic surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0 [0.08, 1.11]
  7 studies · 1728 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in bleeding complications (moderate certainty).

• Prolonged thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin for abdominal or pelvic surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.1 [0.67, 1.81]
  7 studies · 2239 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in mortality (moderate certainty).

• Prolonged thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin for abdominal or pelvic surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.15 [0.72, 1.84]
  7 studies · 1881 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention probably leads to lower all VTE (subgroup analysis open only) (moderate certainty).

• Prolonged thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin for abdominal or pelvic surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.42 [0.29, 0.6]
  6 studies · 1503 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention probably leads to lower all DVT (subgroup analysis open only) (moderate certainty).

• Prolonged thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin for abdominal or pelvic surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.43 [0.3, 0.62]
  6 studies · 1503 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention probably leads to lower all VTE (sensitivity analysis unpublished) (moderate certainty).

• Prolonged thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin for abdominal or pelvic surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.38 [0.27, 0.56]
  6 studies · 1620 participants
  Moderate