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Search review questions

Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

Limit to evidence status or GRADE (optional)

1,173 questions in 89 reviews · Neuromuscular

current versions
No studies 302 · 25.7%Ungraded 119 · 10.1%Very low 267 · 22.8%Low 239 · 20.4%Moderate 177 · 15.1%High 69 · 5.9%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

QuestionEffectEvidenceStatus / GRADE
High‐dose vs low‐dose coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E
Adverse effects (during study) · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxia
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 50 participantsUngraded
High‐dose vs low‐dose coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E
Longer‐term burdens (minimum 1 month) (for example, demands on caregivers, frequency of tests, restrictions on lifestyle) · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxia
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
High‐dose vs low‐dose coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E
Economic outcomes · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxia
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
Buspirone vs placebo
Short‐term (1 week) percentage change (improvement) in overall speech production · people with speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxias
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
Buspirone vs placebo
Short‐term (within 1 month) change in isolated movement, objective and subjective measures of speech production ICARS. · people with speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxias
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted19 participantsLow
Buspirone vs placebo
Short‐term (within 1 month) change in quality of life scores related to communication as measured by validated communication assessments · people with speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxias
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
Buspirone vs placebo
Longer‐term (minimum 1 month) change in generic quality of life scores · people with speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxias
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
Hydroxytryptophan vs placebo
Longer‐term burdens (minimum 1 month) (for example demands on caregivers, frequency of tests and restrictions on lifestyle) · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxias
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
Buspirone vs placebo
Adverse effects (during study) · people with speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxias
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted19 participantsUngraded
Buspirone vs placebo
Longer‐term burdens (minimum 1 month) (for example, demands on caregivers, frequency of tests, restrictions on lifestyle) · people with speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxias
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
Buspirone vs placebo
Economic outcomes · people with speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxias
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
α‐tocopheryl quinone vs placebo
Short‐term (1 week) percentage change (improvement) in overall speech production · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxia
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
α‐tocopheryl quinone vs placebo
Short‐term (within 1 month) change in isolated movement, objective and subjective measures of speech production · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxia
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
α‐tocopheryl quinone vs placebo
Short‐term (within 1 month) change in quality of life scores related to communication as measured by validated communication assessments · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxia
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
α‐tocopheryl quinone vs placebo
Longer‐term (minimum 1 month) change in generic quality of life scores SF‐36 scale from: 0 to 100. Higher score indicate less disability. · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxia
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 19 participantsModerate
α‐tocopheryl quinone vs placebo
Adverse effects (during study) · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxia
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 31 participantsUngraded
α‐tocopheryl quinone vs placebo
Longer‐term burdens (minimum 1 month) (for example, demands on caregivers, frequency of tests, restrictions on lifestyle) · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxia
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
α‐tocopheryl quinone vs placebo
Economic outcomes · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxia
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
Hydroxytryptophan vs placebo
Economic outcomes · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxias
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
Erythropoietin vs placebo
Short‐term (1 week) percentage change (improvement) in overall speech production · people with speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxias
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
Erythropoietin vs placebo
Short‐term (within 1 month) change in isolated movement, objective and subjective measures of speech production SARA. Scale from: 0 to 48. · people with speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxias
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 16 participantsLow
Erythropoietin vs placebo
Short‐term (within 1 month) change in quality of life scores related to communication as measured by validated communication assessments · people with speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxias
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
Erythropoietin vs placebo
Longer‐term (minimum 1 month) change in generic quality of life scores SF‐36. Scale from 0 to 100. Higher scores indicate less disability. · people with speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxias
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 16 participantsLow
Erythropoietin vs placebo
Adverse effects (during study) · people with speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxias
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 16 participantsUngraded
Erythropoietin vs placebo
Longer‐term burdens (minimum 1 month) (for example, demands on caregivers, frequency of tests, restrictions on lifestyle) · people with speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxias
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
Erythropoietin vs placebo
Economic outcomes · people with speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxias
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
Thyrotropin‐releasing hormone tartrate vs placebo
Short‐term (1 week) percentage change (improvement) in overall speech production · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxia
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
Thyrotropin‐releasing hormone tartrate vs placebo
Short‐term (1 week) change in isolated movement, objective and subjective measures of speech production Inherited Ataxias Clinical Rating Scale (IACRS) · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxia
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted2 studies · 245 participantsVery low
Tizanidine vs carbamazepine
Immediate improvement in pain relief Number of participants improved (good/very good efficacy) on a self assessed categorical 'overall efficacy score' (0 = no efficacy to 4 = very good) · patients with trigeminal neuralgia
Non‐antiepileptic drugs for trigeminal neuralgia (2013) · Cochrane
RR 0.3 [0.05, 1.89]1 study · 11 participantsLow
Proparacaine hydrochloride 0.5% eye drops vs placebo
50% pain reduction 12 weeks after the start of treatment Not measured · patients with trigeminal neuralgia
Non‐antiepileptic drugs for trigeminal neuralgia (2013) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Proparacaine hydrochloride 0.5% eye drops vs placebo
Quality of life assessment 12 weeks after the start of treatment Not measured · patients with trigeminal neuralgia
Non‐antiepileptic drugs for trigeminal neuralgia (2013) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Proparacaine hydrochloride 0.5% eye drops vs placebo
Adverse effects (not reported) · patients with trigeminal neuralgia
Non‐antiepileptic drugs for trigeminal neuralgia (2013) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 47 participantsUngraded
Pimozide vs carbamazepine
Pain relief (TN score) · patients with trigeminal neuralgia
Non‐antiepileptic drugs for trigeminal neuralgia (2013) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 96 participantsLow
Pimozide vs carbamazepine
50% pain reduction 12 weeks after the start of treatment Not measured · patients with trigeminal neuralgia
Non‐antiepileptic drugs for trigeminal neuralgia (2013) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 96 participantsUngraded
Pimozide vs carbamazepine
Quality of life assessment 12 weeks after the start of treatment Not measured · patients with trigeminal neuralgia
Non‐antiepileptic drugs for trigeminal neuralgia (2013) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 96 participantsUngraded
Pimozide vs carbamazepine
Adverse effects The number of participants with adverse effects · patients with trigeminal neuralgia
Non‐antiepileptic drugs for trigeminal neuralgia (2013) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 96 participantsUngraded
Tizanidine vs carbamazepine
50% pain reduction 12 weeks after the start of treatment Not measured · patients with trigeminal neuralgia
Non‐antiepileptic drugs for trigeminal neuralgia (2013) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Tizanidine vs carbamazepine
Quality of life assessment 12 weeks after the start of treatment Not measured · patients with trigeminal neuralgia
Non‐antiepileptic drugs for trigeminal neuralgia (2013) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Tizanidine vs carbamazepine
Adverse effects (not reported) · patients with trigeminal neuralgia
Non‐antiepileptic drugs for trigeminal neuralgia (2013) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 11 participantsUngraded
Tocainide vs carbamazepine
Pain relief (frequency and intensity) from the baseline 0 to 10‐point scale · patients with trigeminal neuralgia
Non‐antiepileptic drugs for trigeminal neuralgia (2013) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 24 participantsUngraded
Tocainide vs carbamazepine
50% pain reduction 12 weeks after the start of treatment Not measured · patients with trigeminal neuralgia
Non‐antiepileptic drugs for trigeminal neuralgia (2013) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Tocainide vs carbamazepine
Quality of life assessment 12 weeks after the start of treatment Not measured · patients with trigeminal neuralgia
Non‐antiepileptic drugs for trigeminal neuralgia (2013) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Tocainide vs carbamazepine
Adverse effects · patients with trigeminal neuralgia
Non‐antiepileptic drugs for trigeminal neuralgia (2013) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 24 participantsUngraded
Proparacaine hydrochloride 0.5% eye drops vs placebo
Immediate improvement in pain relief Number of participants improved (≥ 2 level decrease in pain on 10‐point verbal rating scale, or pain gone or rare) · patients with trigeminal neuralgia
Non‐antiepileptic drugs for trigeminal neuralgia (2013) · Cochrane
RR 1.06 [0.37, 2.99]1 study · 47 participantsLow
Intervention NR
Maximum voluntary contraction in dystrophinopathies % · patients with muscular dystrophies
Creatine for treating muscle disorders (2013) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted3 studies · 121 participantsHigh
Intervention NR
Adverse events in glycogen storage disease type V · patients with metabolic myopathies
Creatine for treating muscle disorders (2013) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted2 studies · 28 participantsUngraded
Intervention NR
Aggregate functional performance time (AFPT), intention‐to‐treat analysis % · patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies
Creatine for treating muscle disorders (2013) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 37 participantsHigh
Intervention NR
AFPT, valid compliant completer analysis % · patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies
Creatine for treating muscle disorders (2013) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 29 participantsHigh
Intervention NR
Adverse events · patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies
Creatine for treating muscle disorders (2013) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 37 participantsUngraded
Intervention NR
Maximum voluntary contraction in myotonic dystrophy type 1 % · patients with muscular dystrophies
Creatine for treating muscle disorders (2013) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted2 studies · 76 participantsModerate