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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,173 questions in 89 reviews · Neuromuscular
current versionsNo studies 302 · 25.7%Ungraded 119 · 10.1%Very low 267 · 22.8%Low 239 · 20.4%Moderate 177 · 15.1%High 69 · 5.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
High‐dose vs low‐dose coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E Adverse effects (during study) · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxia Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 50 participants | Ungraded |
High‐dose vs low‐dose coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E Longer‐term burdens (minimum 1 month) (for example, demands on caregivers, frequency of tests, restrictions on lifestyle) · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxia Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
High‐dose vs low‐dose coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E Economic outcomes · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxia Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Buspirone vs placebo Short‐term (1 week) percentage change (improvement) in overall speech production · people with speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxias Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Buspirone vs placebo Short‐term (within 1 month) change in isolated movement, objective and subjective measures of speech production ICARS. · people with speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxias Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 19 participants | Low |
Buspirone vs placebo Short‐term (within 1 month) change in quality of life scores related to communication as measured by validated communication assessments · people with speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxias Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Buspirone vs placebo Longer‐term (minimum 1 month) change in generic quality of life scores · people with speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxias Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Hydroxytryptophan vs placebo Longer‐term burdens (minimum 1 month) (for example demands on caregivers, frequency of tests and restrictions on lifestyle) · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxias Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Buspirone vs placebo Adverse effects (during study) · people with speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxias Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 19 participants | Ungraded |
Buspirone vs placebo Longer‐term burdens (minimum 1 month) (for example, demands on caregivers, frequency of tests, restrictions on lifestyle) · people with speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxias Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Buspirone vs placebo Economic outcomes · people with speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxias Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
α‐tocopheryl quinone vs placebo Short‐term (1 week) percentage change (improvement) in overall speech production · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxia Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
α‐tocopheryl quinone vs placebo Short‐term (within 1 month) change in isolated movement, objective and subjective measures of speech production · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxia Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
α‐tocopheryl quinone vs placebo Short‐term (within 1 month) change in quality of life scores related to communication as measured by validated communication assessments · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxia Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
α‐tocopheryl quinone vs placebo Longer‐term (minimum 1 month) change in generic quality of life scores SF‐36 scale from: 0 to 100. Higher score indicate less disability. · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxia Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 19 participants | Moderate |
α‐tocopheryl quinone vs placebo Adverse effects (during study) · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxia Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 31 participants | Ungraded |
α‐tocopheryl quinone vs placebo Longer‐term burdens (minimum 1 month) (for example, demands on caregivers, frequency of tests, restrictions on lifestyle) · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxia Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
α‐tocopheryl quinone vs placebo Economic outcomes · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxia Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Hydroxytryptophan vs placebo Economic outcomes · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxias Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Erythropoietin vs placebo Short‐term (1 week) percentage change (improvement) in overall speech production · people with speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxias Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Erythropoietin vs placebo Short‐term (within 1 month) change in isolated movement, objective and subjective measures of speech production SARA. Scale from: 0 to 48. · people with speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxias Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 16 participants | Low |
Erythropoietin vs placebo Short‐term (within 1 month) change in quality of life scores related to communication as measured by validated communication assessments · people with speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxias Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Erythropoietin vs placebo Longer‐term (minimum 1 month) change in generic quality of life scores SF‐36. Scale from 0 to 100. Higher scores indicate less disability. · people with speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxias Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 16 participants | Low |
Erythropoietin vs placebo Adverse effects (during study) · people with speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxias Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 16 participants | Ungraded |
Erythropoietin vs placebo Longer‐term burdens (minimum 1 month) (for example, demands on caregivers, frequency of tests, restrictions on lifestyle) · people with speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxias Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Erythropoietin vs placebo Economic outcomes · people with speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxias Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Thyrotropin‐releasing hormone tartrate vs placebo Short‐term (1 week) percentage change (improvement) in overall speech production · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxia Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Thyrotropin‐releasing hormone tartrate vs placebo Short‐term (1 week) change in isolated movement, objective and subjective measures of speech production Inherited Ataxias Clinical Rating Scale (IACRS) · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxia Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 245 participants | Very low |
Tizanidine vs carbamazepine Immediate improvement in pain relief Number of participants improved (good/very good efficacy) on a self assessed categorical 'overall efficacy score' (0 = no efficacy to 4 = very good) · patients with trigeminal neuralgia Non‐antiepileptic drugs for trigeminal neuralgia (2013) · Cochrane | RR 0.3 [0.05, 1.89] | 1 study · 11 participants | Low |
Proparacaine hydrochloride 0.5% eye drops vs placebo 50% pain reduction 12 weeks after the start of treatment Not measured · patients with trigeminal neuralgia Non‐antiepileptic drugs for trigeminal neuralgia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Proparacaine hydrochloride 0.5% eye drops vs placebo Quality of life assessment 12 weeks after the start of treatment Not measured · patients with trigeminal neuralgia Non‐antiepileptic drugs for trigeminal neuralgia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Proparacaine hydrochloride 0.5% eye drops vs placebo Adverse effects (not reported) · patients with trigeminal neuralgia Non‐antiepileptic drugs for trigeminal neuralgia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 47 participants | Ungraded |
Pimozide vs carbamazepine Pain relief (TN score) · patients with trigeminal neuralgia Non‐antiepileptic drugs for trigeminal neuralgia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 96 participants | Low |
Pimozide vs carbamazepine 50% pain reduction 12 weeks after the start of treatment Not measured · patients with trigeminal neuralgia Non‐antiepileptic drugs for trigeminal neuralgia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 96 participants | Ungraded |
Pimozide vs carbamazepine Quality of life assessment 12 weeks after the start of treatment Not measured · patients with trigeminal neuralgia Non‐antiepileptic drugs for trigeminal neuralgia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 96 participants | Ungraded |
Pimozide vs carbamazepine Adverse effects The number of participants with adverse effects · patients with trigeminal neuralgia Non‐antiepileptic drugs for trigeminal neuralgia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 96 participants | Ungraded |
Tizanidine vs carbamazepine 50% pain reduction 12 weeks after the start of treatment Not measured · patients with trigeminal neuralgia Non‐antiepileptic drugs for trigeminal neuralgia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Tizanidine vs carbamazepine Quality of life assessment 12 weeks after the start of treatment Not measured · patients with trigeminal neuralgia Non‐antiepileptic drugs for trigeminal neuralgia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Tizanidine vs carbamazepine Adverse effects (not reported) · patients with trigeminal neuralgia Non‐antiepileptic drugs for trigeminal neuralgia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 11 participants | Ungraded |
Tocainide vs carbamazepine Pain relief (frequency and intensity) from the baseline 0 to 10‐point scale · patients with trigeminal neuralgia Non‐antiepileptic drugs for trigeminal neuralgia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 24 participants | Ungraded |
Tocainide vs carbamazepine 50% pain reduction 12 weeks after the start of treatment Not measured · patients with trigeminal neuralgia Non‐antiepileptic drugs for trigeminal neuralgia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Tocainide vs carbamazepine Quality of life assessment 12 weeks after the start of treatment Not measured · patients with trigeminal neuralgia Non‐antiepileptic drugs for trigeminal neuralgia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Tocainide vs carbamazepine Adverse effects · patients with trigeminal neuralgia Non‐antiepileptic drugs for trigeminal neuralgia (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 24 participants | Ungraded |
Proparacaine hydrochloride 0.5% eye drops vs placebo Immediate improvement in pain relief Number of participants improved (≥ 2 level decrease in pain on 10‐point verbal rating scale, or pain gone or rare) · patients with trigeminal neuralgia Non‐antiepileptic drugs for trigeminal neuralgia (2013) · Cochrane | RR 1.06 [0.37, 2.99] | 1 study · 47 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Maximum voluntary contraction in dystrophinopathies % · patients with muscular dystrophies Creatine for treating muscle disorders (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 121 participants | High |
Intervention NR Adverse events in glycogen storage disease type V · patients with metabolic myopathies Creatine for treating muscle disorders (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 28 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Aggregate functional performance time (AFPT), intention‐to‐treat analysis % · patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies Creatine for treating muscle disorders (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 37 participants | High |
Intervention NR AFPT, valid compliant completer analysis % · patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies Creatine for treating muscle disorders (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 29 participants | High |
Intervention NR Adverse events · patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies Creatine for treating muscle disorders (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 37 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR Maximum voluntary contraction in myotonic dystrophy type 1 % · patients with muscular dystrophies Creatine for treating muscle disorders (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 76 participants | Moderate |