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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

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Review versions

2,434 questions in 139 reviews · Kidney and Transplant

current versions

No studies 504 · 20.7%Ungraded 40 · 1.6%Very low 611 · 25.1%Low 790 · 32.5%Moderate 414 · 17%High 75 · 3.1%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

Question	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Intravenous vs oral cyclophosphamide Adverse events: all infections · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	RR 0.14 [0.03, 0.72]	2 studies · 83 participants	Low
Intravenous vs oral cyclophosphamide Adverse events: nausea and vomiting · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	RR 4.07 [0.21, 80.51]	1 study · 47 participants	Very low
Cyclophosphamide vs chlorambucil Relapse at 12 months · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	RR 1.15 [0.69, 1.94]	1 study · 50 participants	Low
Cyclophosphamide vs chlorambucil Relapse at 24 months · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	RR 1.31 [0.8, 2.13]	1 study · 50 participants	Low
Rituximab vs placebo or control Adverse effects: severe infection · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	RR 0.9 [0.26, 3.15]	3 studies · 222 participants	Low
Cyclophosphamide vs chlorambucil Frequent relapses · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Cyclophosphamide vs chlorambucil Mean relapse rate/patient/month · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Cyclophosphamide vs chlorambucil Adverse effects: lymphopenia · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	RR 0.43 [0.21, 0.87]	1 study · 50 participants	Low
Cyclophosphamide vs chlorambucil Adverse effects: thrombocytopenia · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	RR 0.43 [0.21, 0.87]	1 study · 50 participants	Low
Cyclophosphamide vs chlorambucil Adverse effects: severe infection · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	RR 4.63 [0.23, 91.81]	1 study · 50 participants	Very low
Cyclophosphamide vs chlorambucil Adverse effects: hair loss · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	RR 8.33 [0.47, 147.07]	1 study · 50 participants	Very low
Rituximab vs placebo or control Adverse effects: arthropathy · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	RR 3.92 [0.45, 33.98]	2 studies · 84 participants	Low
Mycophenolate mofetil vs levamisole Relapses at 12 months · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	RR 0.9 [0.7, 1.16]	1 study · 149 participants	Low
Intervention NR Death at one year · adults with renal vasculitis Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults (2020) · Cochrane	RR 1.04 [0.57, 1.92]	5 studies · 267 participants	Low
Pulse cyclophosphamide vs continuous cyclophosphamide Dialysis at end of study · adults with renal vasculitis Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults (2020) · Cochrane	RR 1.9 [0.92, 3.91]	4 studies · 245 participants	Low
Pulse cyclophosphamide vs continuous cyclophosphamide Remission at 6 months · adults with renal vasculitis Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults (2020) · Cochrane	RR 1.03 [0.93, 1.13]	2 studies · 176 participants	Low
Pulse cyclophosphamide vs continuous cyclophosphamide Relapse at the end of · adults with renal vasculitis Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults (2020) · Cochrane	RR 1.79 [1.11, 2.87]	4 studies · 235 participants	Low
Pulse cyclophosphamide vs continuous cyclophosphamide Adverse events ‐ treatment failure · adults with renal vasculitis Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults (2020) · Cochrane	RR 1.36 [0.115, 12.56]	2 studies · 82 participants	Low
Pulse cyclophosphamide vs continuous cyclophosphamide Serious infections · adults with renal vasculitis Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults (2020) · Cochrane	RR 0.71 [0.38, 1.33]	4 studies · 278 participants	Low
Rituximab vs cyclophosphamide Death at 6 months · adults with renal vasculitis Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults (2020) · Cochrane	RR 1 [0.21, 4.7]	2 studies · 241 participants	Moderate
Rituximab vs cyclophosphamide Kidney function · adults with renal vasculitis Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Rituximab vs cyclophosphamide Dialysis · adults with renal vasculitis Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Rituximab vs cyclophosphamide Remission at 6 months · adults with renal vasculitis Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults (2020) · Cochrane	RR 1.02 [0.79, 1.32]	2 studies · 236 participants	Moderate
Rituximab vs cyclophosphamide Relapse at 12 months · adults with renal vasculitis Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults (2020) · Cochrane	RR 1.43 [0.18, 11.31]	1 study · 38 participants	Low
Intervention NR Serum creatinine at 1 year · adults with renal vasculitis Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	4 studies · 156 participants	Low
Rituximab vs cyclophosphamide Serious adverse events · adults with renal vasculitis Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults (2020) · Cochrane	RR 1.11 [0.72, 1.71]	2 studies · 241 participants	Moderate
Rituximab vs cyclophosphamide Serious Infections · adults with renal vasculitis Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults (2020) · Cochrane	RR 0.89 [0.62, 1.92]	2 studies · 241 participants	Moderate
Mycophenolate mofetil vs cyclophosphamide Death at 6 months · adults with renal vasculitis Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults (2020) · Cochrane	RR 1.25 [0.35, 4.46]	1 study · 140 participants	Low
Mycophenolate mofetil vs cyclophosphamide Kidney function · adults with renal vasculitis Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Mycophenolate mofetil vs cyclophosphamide Dialysis · adults with renal vasculitis Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults (2020) · Cochrane	RR 1 [0.14, 6.9]	1 study · 140 participants	Low
Mycophenolate mofetil vs cyclophosphamide Relapse at any time point · adults with renal vasculitis Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults (2020) · Cochrane	RR 1.8 [1, 3.22]	1 study · 127 participants	Low
Mycophenolate mofetil vs cyclophosphamide Remission at 6 months · adults with renal vasculitis Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults (2020) · Cochrane	RR 1.17 [1.01, 1.35]	3 studies · 216 participants	Moderate
Mycophenolate mofetil vs cyclophosphamide Serious adverse events · adults with renal vasculitis Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults (2020) · Cochrane	RR 1.25	1 study · 140 participants	Low
Mycophenolate mofetil vs cyclophosphamide Infection · adults with renal vasculitis Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults (2020) · Cochrane	RR 1.27 [0.75, 2.16]	3 studies · 216 participants	Moderate
Intravenous immunoglobulin vs placebo Death · adults with renal vasculitis Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults (2020) · Cochrane	RR 0.2 [0.01, 3.88]	1 study · 34 participants	Low
Intervention NR Dialysis at one year · adults with renal vasculitis Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults (2020) · Cochrane	RR 0.45 [0.29, 0.72]	6 studies · 235 participants	Low
Intravenous immunoglobulin vs placebo Kidney function · adults with renal vasculitis Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Intravenous immunoglobulin vs placebo Dialysis · adults with renal vasculitis Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Intravenous immunoglobulin vs placebo Response at 3 months · adults with renal vasculitis Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults (2020) · Cochrane	RR 2.33 [1.18, 4.61]	1 study · 34 participants	Low
Intravenous immunoglobulin vs placebo Relapse at 3 months · adults with renal vasculitis Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults (2020) · Cochrane	RR 1.17 [0.39, 3.56]	1 study · 34 participants	Low
Intravenous immunoglobulin vs placebo Adverse events · adults with renal vasculitis Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults (2020) · Cochrane	RR 3	1 study · 34 participants	Low
Intravenous immunoglobulin vs placebo Serious infection · adults with renal vasculitis Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Azathioprine vs cyclophosphamide Death (median · adults with renal vasculitis for maintenance therapy Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults (2020) · Cochrane	RR 0.77 [0.35, 1.72]	1 study · 144 participants	Moderate
Azathioprine vs cyclophosphamide Kidney function · adults with renal vasculitis for maintenance therapy Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Azathioprine vs cyclophosphamide Dialysis (median · adults with renal vasculitis for maintenance therapy Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults (2020) · Cochrane	RR 1.65 [0.57, 4.79]	1 study · 144 participants	Moderate
Azathioprine vs cyclophosphamide Relapse at 18 months · adults with renal vasculitis for maintenance therapy Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults (2020) · Cochrane	RR 1.13 [0.51, 2.5]	1 study · 144 participants	Moderate
Intervention NR Sustained remission · adults with renal vasculitis Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults (2020) · Cochrane	RR 1.02	1 study · 704 participants	Low
Azathioprine vs cyclophosphamide Relapse (median · adults with renal vasculitis for maintenance therapy Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults (2020) · Cochrane	RR 1.46 [1, 2.14]	1 study · 144 participants	Moderate
Azathioprine vs cyclophosphamide Serious adverse events · adults with renal vasculitis for maintenance therapy Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults (2020) · Cochrane	RR 1.18 [0.45, 3.07]	1 study · 144 participants	Moderate
Azathioprine vs cyclophosphamide Infections · adults with renal vasculitis for maintenance therapy Interventions for renal vasculitis in adults (2020) · Cochrane	RR 1.03 [0.51, 2.06]	1 study · 144 participants	Moderate