Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,782 questions · 1,852 findings · 128 reviews · Effective Practice and Organisation of Care

No studies found 557 · 30.1%GRADE not reported 53 · 2.9%Very low 446 · 24.1%Low 476 · 25.7%Moderate 255 · 13.8%High 65 · 3.5%

Primary health professional‐ and community professional‐led interventions vs enhanced usual care

Prevalence of morphine use · adult patients with substance dependence

It is very uncertain whether primary health professional‐ and community professional‐led… changes prevalence of morphine use compared with enhanced usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Primary health professional‐ and community professional‐led interventions vs enhanced usual care

Clinical symptoms ‐ alcohol use (1 to 6 months post intervention) · adult patients with substance dependence

It is very uncertain whether primary health professional‐ and community professional‐led… changes clinical symptoms ‐ alcohol use (< 1 month post intervention) compared with enhanced usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Primary health professional‐ and community professional‐led interventions vs enhanced usual care

Clinical symptoms ‐ drug use (< 1 month post intervention) ‐ heroin · adult patients with substance dependence

It is very uncertain whether primary health professional‐ and community professional‐led… changes clinical symptoms ‐ drug use (< 1 month post intervention) ‐ heroin compared with enhanced usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lay health worker‐ vs specialist‐led care

Clinical recovery from severe mental disorder (immediately post intervention) Defined by BPRS decreased by ≥ 80% (RR > 1 denotes greater likelihood of recovery) · people with severe mental disorders

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Primary‐level worker‐led collaborative care vs usual care

Recovery from CMD ‐ intermediate term (1 to 6 months post intervention) Recovery defined by GDS ≤ 11a; HDRS < 7b; HDRS < 8c; PHQ‐9 < 6d; PHQ‐9 < 5 or 50% reduction from baselinee (RR > 1 denotes greater likelihood of recovery) · adults with common mental disorders

Primary‐level worker‐led collaborative care may leads to higher recovery from CMD ‐ intermediate term (1 to 6 months post… compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lay health worker‐ vs specialist‐led care

Caregiver burden · people with severe mental disorders

Lay health worker‐ showed no clear difference in caregiver burden symptom severity ‐ immediately post intervention… compared with specialist‐led care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lay health worker‐ vs specialist‐led care

Service utilisation ‐ hospitalisation during intervention (RR > 1 denotes greater risk)Â · people with severe mental disorders

It is very uncertain whether lay health worker‐ changes service utilisation ‐ hospitalisation during intervention (RR > 1… compared with specialist‐led care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lay health worker‐ vs specialist‐led care

Adverse events ‐ death from suicide during intervention (RR > 1 denotes greater risk)Â · people with severe mental disorders

It is very uncertain whether lay health worker‐ changes adverse events ‐ death from suicide during intervention (RR > 1… compared with specialist‐led care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Primary health professional‐led or collaborative care vs specialist‐led care

Clinical recovery from severe mental disorder (immediately post intervention) Defined by BPRS decreased by ≥ 80% (RR > 1 denotes greater likelihood of recovery) · people with severe mental disorders

It is very uncertain whether primary health professional‐led or collaborative care changes clinical recovery from severe mental disorder (immediately post… compared with specialist‐led care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Primary health professional‐led or collaborative care vs specialist‐led care

Relapse of severe mental disorder (immediately post intervention) Defined by re‐appearance of symptoms or worsening of symptoms necessitating adjustment of medicationa; Li 2002; based on 1 item scoring ≥ 5 or 2 items scoring ≥ 4 in items 4, 7, 11,... · people with severe mental disorders

It is very uncertain whether primary health professional‐led or collaborative care changes relapse of severe mental disorder (immediately post intervention)… compared with specialist‐led care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review