What do systematic reviews say?

Intervention not reported

• Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anaesthesia: a network meta‐analysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 841 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anaesthesia: a network meta‐analysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  15 studies · 1639 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anaesthesia: a network meta‐analysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  57 studies · 12260 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anaesthesia: a network meta‐analysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 1259 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anaesthesia: a network meta‐analysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  14 studies · 1529 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anaesthesia: a network meta‐analysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  10 studies · 1656 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anaesthesia: a network meta‐analysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 participants
  GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

• Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anaesthesia: a network meta‐analysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 904 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anaesthesia: a network meta‐analysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  22 studies · 3679 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anaesthesia: a network meta‐analysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 99 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anaesthesia: a network meta‐analysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  11 studies · 1313 participants
  Very low

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine vs other local anaesthetic

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine probably leads to lower presence of any TNS –lidocaine vs bupivacaine compared with other local anaesthetic (moderate certainty).

• Transient neurological symptoms (TNS) following spinal anaesthesia with lidocaine versus other local anaesthetics in… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.16 [0.09, 0.28]
  12 studies · 1220 participants
  Moderate

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine vs other local anaesthetic

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine showed no clear difference in presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs 2‐chloroprocaine compared with other local anaesthetic (low certainty).

• Transient neurological symptoms (TNS) following spinal anaesthesia with lidocaine versus other local anaesthetics in… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.09 [0.01, 1.51]
  2 studies · 94 participants
  Low

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine vs other local anaesthetic

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine may leads to lower presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs levobupivacaine compared with other local anaesthetic (low certainty).

• Transient neurological symptoms (TNS) following spinal anaesthesia with lidocaine versus other local anaesthetics in… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.13 [0.02, 0.69]
  2 studies · 120 participants
  Low

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine vs other local anaesthetic

It is very uncertain whether risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine changes presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs mepivacaine compared with other local anaesthetic (very low certainty).

• Transient neurological symptoms (TNS) following spinal anaesthesia with lidocaine versus other local anaesthetics in… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.01 [0.18, 5.82]
  4 studies · 274 participants
  Very low

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine vs other local anaesthetic

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine probably leads to lower presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs prilocaine compared with other local anaesthetic (moderate certainty).

• Transient neurological symptoms (TNS) following spinal anaesthesia with lidocaine versus other local anaesthetics in… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.18 [0.07, 0.49]
  4 studies · 429 participants
  Moderate

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine vs other local anaesthetic

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine probably leads to lower presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs procaine compared with other local anaesthetic (moderate certainty).

• Transient neurological symptoms (TNS) following spinal anaesthesia with lidocaine versus other local anaesthetics in… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.14 [0.04, 0.52]
  2 studies · 130 participants
  Moderate

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine vs other local anaesthetic

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine may leads to lower presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs ropivacaine compared with other local anaesthetic (low certainty).

• Transient neurological symptoms (TNS) following spinal anaesthesia with lidocaine versus other local anaesthetics in… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.1 [0.01, 0.78]
  2 studies · 90 participants
  Low

Bispectral index vs clinical signs

Bispectral index may leads to lower occurrence of intraoperative awareness Time points of measure after… compared with clinical signs (low certainty).

• Bispectral index for improving intraoperative awareness and early postoperative recovery in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  Peto OR 0.36 [0.21, 0.6]
  27 studies · 9765 participants
  Low

Bispectral index vs clinical signs

• Bispectral index for improving intraoperative awareness and early postoperative recovery in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  22 studies · 1494 participants
  Low