What do systematic reviews say?

Aldosterone antagonists vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological interventions for heart failure in people with chronic kidney disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Aldosterone antagonists vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological interventions for heart failure in people with chronic kidney disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Aldosterone antagonists vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological interventions for heart failure in people with chronic kidney disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Aldosterone antagonists vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological interventions for heart failure in people with chronic kidney disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Aldosterone antagonists vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological interventions for heart failure in people with chronic kidney disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Aldosterone antagonists vs placebo

CHRONIC: Aldosterone antagonists may leads to higher hyperkalaemia compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Pharmacological interventions for heart failure in people with chronic kidney disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.91 [2.03, 4.17]
  3 studies · 826 participants
  Low

Aldosterone antagonists vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological interventions for heart failure in people with chronic kidney disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

ACUTE: Serelaxin vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological interventions for heart failure in people with chronic kidney disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

ACUTE: Serelaxin vs placebo

ACUTE: Serelaxin may leads to lower worsening heart failure compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Pharmacological interventions for heart failure in people with chronic kidney disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.71 [0.54, 0.92]
  2 studies · 1395 participants
  Low

ACUTE: Serelaxin vs placebo

ACUTE: Serelaxin showed no clear difference in worsening kidney function compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Pharmacological interventions for heart failure in people with chronic kidney disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.86 [0.37, 1.98]
  2 studies · 1395 participants
  Low

ACUTE: Serelaxin vs placebo

ACUTE: Serelaxin showed no clear difference in hypotension compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Pharmacological interventions for heart failure in people with chronic kidney disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.26 [0.81, 1.96]
  2 studies · 1395 participants
  Low

ACUTE: Serelaxin vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether ACUTE: Serelaxin changes hyperkalaemia compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Pharmacological interventions for heart failure in people with chronic kidney disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.08
  1 study · 234 participants
  Very low

ACUTE: Serelaxin vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological interventions for heart failure in people with chronic kidney disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Potassium binder vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether potassium binder changes death (any cause) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Potassium binders for chronic hyperkalaemia in people with chronic kidney disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.69 [0.11, 4.32]
  4 studies · 688 participants
  Very low

Potassium binder vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether potassium binder changes cardiovascular death (newer agents) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Potassium binders for chronic hyperkalaemia in people with chronic kidney disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3.06 [0.13, 74.24]
  1 study · 196 participants
  Very low

Potassium binder vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Potassium binders for chronic hyperkalaemia in people with chronic kidney disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Potassium binder vs placebo

• Potassium binders for chronic hyperkalaemia in people with chronic kidney disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 289 participants
  Very low

Potassium binder vs placebo

• Potassium binders for chronic hyperkalaemia in people with chronic kidney disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 277 participants
  Low

Potassium binder vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether potassium binder changes constipation compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Potassium binders for chronic hyperkalaemia in people with chronic kidney disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.58 [0.71, 3.52]
  4 studies · 425 participants
  Very low

Antibiotics vs placebo or no treatment

Antibiotic treatment showed no clear difference in recurrence of symptomatic UTI in children compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

• Long‐term antibiotics for preventing recurrent urinary tract infection in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.75 [0.28, 1.98]
  5 studies · 1074 participants
  Low