Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

781 questions · 829 findings · 43 reviews

No studies found 215 · 25.9%GRADE not reported 39 · 4.7%Very low 205 · 24.7%Low 208 · 25.1%Moderate 130 · 15.7%High 32 · 3.9%

Lay health worker‐ vs enhanced usual care

Clinical symptoms ‐ alcohol use (1 to 6 months post intervention) · adult patients with alcohol dependence

It is very uncertain whether lay health worker‐led interventions changes clinical symptoms ‐ alcohol use (1 to 6 months post intervention) compared with enhanced usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lay health worker‐ vs enhanced usual care

Clinical symptoms ‐ depression (1 to 6 months post intervention) · adult patients with alcohol dependence

It is very uncertain whether lay health worker‐led interventions changes clinical symptoms ‐ depression (1 to 6 months post intervention) compared with enhanced usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lay health worker‐ vs enhanced usual care

Functional impairment · adult patients with alcohol dependence

It is very uncertain whether lay health worker‐led interventions changes functional impairment (1 to 6 months post intervention) compared with enhanced usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lay health worker‐ vs enhanced usual care

Service utilisation ‐ Unplanned hospitalisation in past 12 months (RR > 1 denotes higher risk of hospitalisation) · adult patients with alcohol dependence

It is very uncertain whether lay health worker‐led interventions changes service utilisation ‐ Unplanned hospitalisation in past 12 months… compared with enhanced usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lay health worker‐ vs enhanced usual care

Adverse events ‐ death in past 12 months (RR > 1 denotes higher risk of death) · adult patients with alcohol dependence

It is very uncertain whether lay health worker‐led interventions changes adverse events ‐ death in past 12 months (RR > 1 denotes higher risk… compared with enhanced usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Primary health professional‐ and community professional‐led interventions vs enhanced usual care

Prevalence of morphine use · adult patients with substance dependence

It is very uncertain whether primary health professional‐ and community professional‐led… changes prevalence of morphine use compared with enhanced usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Primary health professional‐ and community professional‐led interventions vs enhanced usual care

Clinical symptoms ‐ alcohol use (1 to 6 months post intervention) · adult patients with substance dependence

It is very uncertain whether primary health professional‐ and community professional‐led… changes clinical symptoms ‐ alcohol use (< 1 month post intervention) compared with enhanced usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Primary health professional‐ and community professional‐led interventions vs enhanced usual care

Clinical symptoms ‐ drug use (< 1 month post intervention) ‐ heroin · adult patients with substance dependence

It is very uncertain whether primary health professional‐ and community professional‐led… changes clinical symptoms ‐ drug use (< 1 month post intervention) ‐ heroin compared with enhanced usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lay health worker‐ vs specialist‐led care

Clinical recovery from severe mental disorder (immediately post intervention) Defined by BPRS decreased by ≥ 80% (RR > 1 denotes greater likelihood of recovery) · people with severe mental disorders

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Primary‐level worker‐led collaborative care vs usual care

Recovery from CMD ‐ intermediate term (1 to 6 months post intervention) Recovery defined by GDS ≤ 11a; HDRS < 7b; HDRS < 8c; PHQ‐9 < 6d; PHQ‐9 < 5 or 50% reduction from baselinee (RR > 1 denotes greater likelihood of recovery) · adults with common mental disorders

Primary‐level worker‐led collaborative care may leads to higher recovery from CMD ‐ intermediate term (1 to 6 months post… compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lay health worker‐ vs specialist‐led care

Caregiver burden · people with severe mental disorders

Lay health worker‐ showed no clear difference in caregiver burden symptom severity ‐ immediately post intervention… compared with specialist‐led care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review