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What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

628 questions · 671 findings · 31 reviews · Effective Practice and Organisation of Care

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No studies found 215 · 32%GRADE not reported 29 · 4.3%Very low 156 · 23.2%Low 165 · 24.6%Moderate 69 · 10.3%High 37 · 5.5%

Lay health worker‐ vs specialist‐led care

Service utilisation ‐ hospitalisation during intervention (RR > 1 denotes greater risk)Â · people with severe mental disorders

It is very uncertain whether lay health worker‐ changes service utilisation ‐ hospitalisation during intervention (RR > 1… compared with specialist‐led care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lay health worker‐ vs specialist‐led care

Adverse events ‐ death from suicide during intervention (RR > 1 denotes greater risk)Â · people with severe mental disorders

It is very uncertain whether lay health worker‐ changes adverse events ‐ death from suicide during intervention (RR > 1… compared with specialist‐led care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Primary health professional‐led or collaborative care vs specialist‐led care

Clinical recovery from severe mental disorder (immediately post intervention) Defined by BPRS decreased by ≥ 80% (RR > 1 denotes greater likelihood of recovery) · people with severe mental disorders

It is very uncertain whether primary health professional‐led or collaborative care changes clinical recovery from severe mental disorder (immediately post… compared with specialist‐led care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Primary health professional‐led or collaborative care vs specialist‐led care

Relapse of severe mental disorder (immediately post intervention) Defined by re‐appearance of symptoms or worsening of symptoms necessitating adjustment of medicationa; Li 2002; based on 1 item scoring ≥ 5 or 2 items scoring ≥ 4 in items 4, 7, 11,... · people with severe mental disorders

It is very uncertain whether primary health professional‐led or collaborative care changes relapse of severe mental disorder (immediately post intervention)… compared with specialist‐led care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Primary‐level worker‐led collaborative care vs usual care

Prevalence of CMD ‐ intermediate term (1 to 6 months post intervention) Diagnosis defined by presence of ICD‐10 diagnosis on CIS‐Rg; prevalence defined by [Total number ‐ number recovered (recovery defined by HDRS < 8)]c (RR < 1 denotes lower prev... · adults with common mental disorders

Primary‐level worker‐led collaborative care showed no clear difference in prevalence of CMD ‐ intermediate term (1 to 6 months post… compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Primary health professional‐led or collaborative care vs specialist‐led care

Hospital admission/re‐admission · people with severe mental disorders

It is very uncertain whether primary health professional‐led or collaborative care changes service utilisation ‐ hospital re‐admission (during intervention)… compared with specialist‐led care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review