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What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

510 questions · 532 findings · 49 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 120 · 22.6%GRADE not reported 34 · 6.4%Very low 146 · 27.4%Low 138 · 25.9%Moderate 75 · 14.1%High 19 · 3.6%

Summary of findings table ‐ Protein, arginine, zinc and antioxidants vs standard diet or placebo

Time to complete healing of pressure ulcers ‐ not reported · residents of long‐term care (≥ 65 years) with pressure ulcers; inpatients with pressure ulcers

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Protein, arginine, zinc and antioxidants vs standard diet or placebo

Acceptability of nutritional supplements ‐ not reported · residents of long‐term care (≥ 65 years) with pressure ulcers; inpatients with pressure ulcers

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Protein, arginine, zinc and antioxidants vs standard diet or placebo

Gastrointestinal adverse events · residents of long‐term care (≥ 65 years) with pressure ulcers; inpatients with pressure ulcers

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Protein, arginine, zinc and antioxidants changes side effects: at least one adverse gastrointestinal event compared with standard diet or placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Energy, protein and micronutrients vs standard diet

Acceptability of nutritional supplements ‐ not reported · inpatients who are mildly or seriously malnourished or at risk of being malnourished, elderly patients at risk of developing pressure ulcers

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Arginine and micronutrients vs standard diet

Acceptability of nutritional supplements: non‐adherence · malnourished patients with pressure ulcers

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Arginine and micronutrients changes acceptability of nutritional supplements: non‐adherence compared with standard diet (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Arginine and micronutrients vs standard diet

Gastrointestinal adverse events · malnourished patients with pressure ulcers

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Arginine and micronutrients changes side effects: at least one adverse gastrointestinal event compared with standard diet (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Collagen vs standard diet or placebo

Adverse effects/events: at least 1 adverse effect ‐ as defined by individual studies. · adults with pressure ulcers

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Collagen changes side effects: at least one adverse event compared with standard diet or placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review