Gap finder

Search review questions

Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

Limit to evidence status or GRADE (optional)

1,173 questions in 89 reviews · Neuromuscular

current versions
No studies 302 · 25.7%Ungraded 119 · 10.1%Very low 267 · 22.8%Low 239 · 20.4%Moderate 177 · 15.1%High 69 · 5.9%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

QuestionEffectEvidenceStatus / GRADE
Endoscopic vs open or mini‐open carpal tunnel release
Time to return to work (in days) · participants with carpal tunnel syndrome
Endoscopic release for carpal tunnel syndrome (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted4 studies · 274 participantsVery low
Endoscopic vs open or mini‐open carpal tunnel release
Major complications (events) · participants with carpal tunnel syndrome
Endoscopic release for carpal tunnel syndrome (2014) · Cochrane
RR 1 [0.38, 2.64]15 studies · 1508 participantsLow
Hydroxytryptophan vs placebo
Short‐term (within 1 month) percentage change (improvement) in overall speech production · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxias
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
Thyrotropin‐releasing hormone tartrate vs placebo
Short‐term (1 week) change in quality of life scores related to communication as measured by validated communication assessments · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxia
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
Thyrotropin‐releasing hormone tartrate vs placebo
Longer‐term (minimum 1 month) change in generic quality of life scores · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxia
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
Thyrotropin‐releasing hormone tartrate vs placebo
Adverse effects (during study) · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxia
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted2 studies · 320 participantsUngraded
Thyrotropin‐releasing hormone tartrate vs placebo
Longer‐term burdens (minimum 1 month) (for example demands on caregivers, frequency of tests, restrictions on lifestyle) · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxia
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
Thyrotropin‐releasing hormone tartrate vs placebo
Economic outcomes · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxia
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
Varenicline vs placebo
Short‐term (1 week) percentage change (improvement) in overall speech production · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxia
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
Varenicline vs placebo
Short‐term (1 week) change in isolated movement, objective and subjective measures of speech production SARA. Scale from: 0 to 6. Higher scores indicate more severe speech disorder. · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxia
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 13 participantsVery low
Varenicline vs placebo
Short‐term (1 week) change in quality of life scores related to communication as measured by validated communication assessments · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxia
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
Varenicline vs placebo
Longer‐term (minimum 1 month) change in generic quality of life scores SF‐36 · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxia
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 13 participantsVery low
Varenicline vs placebo
Adverse effects (during study) · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxia
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 18 participantsUngraded
Hydroxytryptophan vs placebo
Short‐term (within 1 month) change in isolated movement, objective and subjective measures of speech production Wessel 1995: Mean syllable duration during rapid‐syllable repetition task. Scale from: 1 to 500. Shorter durations are better. · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxias
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted4 participantsVery low
Varenicline vs placebo
Longer‐term burdens (minimum 1 month) (for example, demands on caregivers, frequency of tests, restrictions on lifestyle) · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxia
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
Varenicline vs placebo
Economic outcomes · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxia
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
Riluzole vs placebo
Short‐term (1 week) percentage change (improvement) in overall speech production · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxias
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
Riluzole vs placebo
Short‐term (within 1 month) change in isolated movement, objective and subjective measures of speech production ICARS. Scale from: 0 to 8. Higher scores indicate more severe speech disorder. · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxias
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 38 participantsLow
Riluzole vs placebo
Short‐term (within 1 month) change in quality of life scores related to communication as measured by validated communication assessments · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxias
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
Riluzole vs placebo
Longer‐term (minimum 1 month) change in generic quality of life scores · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxias
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
Riluzole vs placebo
Adverse effects (during study) · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxias
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 38 participantsUngraded
Riluzole vs placebo
Longer‐term burdens (minimum 1 month) (for example, demands on caregivers, frequency of tests, restrictions on lifestyle) · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxias
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
Riluzole vs placebo
Economic outcomes · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxias
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
Idebenone vs placebo
Short‐term (1 week) percentage change (improvement) in overall speech production · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxias
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
Hydroxytryptophan vs placebo
Short‐term (within 1 month) change in quality of life scores related to communication as measured by validated communication assessments · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxias
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
Idebenone vs placebo
Short‐term (within 1 month) change in isolated movement, objective and subjective measures of speech production ICARS, FARS · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxias
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted2 studies · 117 participantsVery low
Idebenone vs placebo
Longer‐term (minimum 1 month) change in generic quality of life scores · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxias
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
Idebenone vs placebo
Adverse effects (during study) · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxias
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted2 studies · 118 participantsUngraded
Idebenone vs placebo
Longer‐term burdens (minimum 1 month) (for example, demands on caregivers, frequency of tests, restrictions on lifestyle) · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxias
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
Idebenone vs placebo
Economic outcomes · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxias
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
Physiotherapy and occupational therapy vs placebo
Short‐term (1 week) percentage change (improvement) in overall speech production · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxias
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
Physiotherapy and occupational therapy vs placebo
Short‐term (1 week) change in isolated movement, objective and subjective measures of speech production SARA. Scale from: 0 to 6. Higher scores indicate more severe speech disorder. · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxias
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 42 participantsVery low
Physiotherapy and occupational therapy vs placebo
Short‐term (1 week) change in quality of life scores related to communication as measured by validated communication assessments Functional Independence Measure (total). Scale from: 0 to 126. Higher scores indicate less disability · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxias
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 42 participantsVery low
Physiotherapy and occupational therapy vs placebo
Longer‐term (minimum 1 month) change in generic quality of life scores · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxias
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
Physiotherapy and occupational therapy vs placebo
Adverse effects (during study) · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxias
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 42 participantsUngraded
Hydroxytryptophan vs placebo
Longer‐term (minimum 1 month) change in generic quality of life scores · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxias
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
Physiotherapy and occupational therapy vs placebo
Longer‐term burdens (minimum 1 month) (for example, demands on caregivers, frequency of tests, restrictions on lifestyle) · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxias
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
Physiotherapy and occupational therapy vs placebo
Economic outcomes · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxias
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
Betamethasone vs placebo
Short‐term (1 week) percentage change (improvement) in overall speech production · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxias
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
Betamethasone vs placebo
Short‐term (within 1 month) change in isolated movement, objective and subjective measures of speech production ICARS. Scale from: 0 to 8. Higher scores indicate more severe disorder. · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxias
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted13 participantsModerate
Betamethasone vs placebo
Short‐term (within 1 month) change in quality of life scores related to communication as measured by validated communication assessments · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxias
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
Betamethasone vs placebo
Longer‐term (minimum 1 month) change in generic quality of life scores Child Health Questionnaires · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxias
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
Betamethasone vs placebo
Adverse effects (during study) · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxias
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted13 participantsUngraded
Betamethasone vs placebo
Longer‐term burdens (minimum 1 month) (for example, demands on caregivers, frequency of tests, restrictions on lifestyle) · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxias
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
Betamethasone vs placebo
Economic outcomes · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxias
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
High‐dose vs low‐dose coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E
Short‐term (1 week) percentage change (improvement) in overall speech production · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxia
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
Hydroxytryptophan vs placebo
Adverse effects (during the study) · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxias
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted2 studies · 65 participantsUngraded
High‐dose vs low‐dose coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E
Short‐term (within 1 month) change in isolated movement, objective and subjective measures of speech production Cooper 2008 reported 3 speech measures: ICARS speech subscale. Scale from: 0 to 8. Higher scores indicate greater clinical severity Syl... · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxia
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 43 participantsLow
High‐dose vs low‐dose coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E
Short‐term (within 1 month) change in quality of life scores related to communication as measured by validated communication assessments · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxia
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded
High‐dose vs low‐dose coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E
Longer‐term (minimum 1 month) change in generic quality of life scores · people with speech disorder resulting from hereditary ataxia
Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes (2014) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsUngraded