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Search review questions

Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

Population

Intervention or exposure

Comparison

Outcome

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Field or topic

Source

Review versions

2,434 questions in 139 reviews · Kidney and Transplant

current versions

No studies 504 · 20.7%Ungraded 40 · 1.6%Very low 611 · 25.1%Low 790 · 32.5%Moderate 414 · 17%High 75 · 3.1%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

Question	Effect	Evidence	Status / GRADE
Mycophenolate mofetil vs cyclosporin Adverse effects: hypertrichosis · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	RR 0.23 [0.1, 0.5]	3 studies · 140 participants	Low
Mycophenolate mofetil vs cyclosporin Adverse effects: lymphopenia · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	RR 0.64 [0.08, 4.85]	2 studies · 84 participants	Low
Mycophenolate mofetil vs cyclosporin Adverse effects: gum hypertrophy · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	RR 0.09 [0.02, 0.47]	3 studies · 144 participants	Low
Mycophenolate mofetil vs cyclosporin Adverse effects: reduced GFR · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	RR 0.33 [0.01, 7.45]	1 study · 24 participants	Low
Levamisole vs steroids or placebo or both, or no treatment Relapse during treatment (4 to 12 months) · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	RR 0.52 [0.33, 0.82]	8 studies · 474 participants	Low
Levamisole vs steroids or placebo or both, or no treatment Relapse at 6 to 12 months · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	RR 0.65 [0.48, 0.88]	8 studies · 462 participants	Low
Levamisole vs steroids or placebo or both, or no treatment Frequent relapses · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Levamisole vs steroids or placebo or both, or no treatment Mean relapse rate/patient/month · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	2 studies · 2 participants	Very low
Levamisole vs steroids or placebo or both, or no treatment Adverse effects: leucopenia · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	RR 4.18 [0.72, 24.21]	3 studies · 214 participants	Low
Levamisole vs steroids or placebo or both, or no treatment Adverse effects: ANCA positive/arthritis · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	RR 3 [0.13, 71.92]	1 study · 100 participants	Low
Rituximab vs placebo or control Relapses at 12 months · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	RR 0.63 [0.42, 0.93]	3 studies · 198 participants	Moderate
Levamisole vs cyclophosphamide Relapse: at end of therapy · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	RR 2.14 [0.22, 20.95]	2 studies · 97 participants	Very low
Levamisole vs cyclophosphamide Relapse: at 6 to 9 months after therapy · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	RR 1.17 [0.76, 1.81]	2 studies · 97 participants	Low
Levamisole vs cyclophosphamide Relapse: at 12 months after therapy · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	RR 0.89 [0.68, 1.16]	1 study · 40 participants	Low
Levamisole vs cyclophosphamide Relapse: at 24 months after therapy · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	RR 0.89 [0.73, 1.1]	1 study · 40 participants	Low
Levamisole vs cyclophosphamide Frequent relapses · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Levamisole vs cyclophosphamide Mean relapse rate/patient/month · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Levamisole vs cyclophosphamide Adverse effects: infection · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	RR 1.08 [0.67, 1.75]	1 study · 40 participants	Low
Levamisole vs cyclophosphamide Adverse effects: leucopenia · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	RR 0.25 [0.04, 1.48]	2 studies · 97 participants	Low
Levamisole vs cyclophosphamide Adverse effects: abnormal liver function tests · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	RR 0.33 [0.01, 7.72]	1 study · 40 participants	Very low
Cyclosporin plus prednisolone vs prednisolone alone Relapse at 6 months · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	RR 0.33 [0.13, 0.83]	1 study · 104 participants	Low
Rituximab vs placebo or control Frequent relapses · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Cyclosporin plus prednisolone vs prednisolone alone Relapse at 12 months · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	RR 0.72 [0.46, 1.13]	1 study · 104 participants	Low
Cyclosporin plus prednisolone vs prednisolone alone Frequent relapses · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Cyclosporin plus prednisolone vs prednisolone alone Mean relapse rate/patient/month · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Cyclosporin plus prednisolone vs prednisolone alone Adverse effects: number needing cytotoxic agents · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	RR 0.47 [0.18, 1.23]	1 study · 104 participants	Very low
Cyclosporin plus prednisolone vs prednisolone alone Adverse effects: creatinine at the end of study · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	1 study · 87 participants	Very low
Alkylating agents vs cyclosporin Relapse at end of therapy (6 to 9 months) · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	RR 0.91 [0.55, 1.48]	2 studies · 95 participants	Low
Alkylating agents vs cyclosporin Relapse at 12 to 24 months · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	RR 0.51 [0.35, 0.74]	2 studies · 95 participants	Low
Alkylating agents vs cyclosporin Frequent relapses · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Alkylating agents vs cyclosporin Mean relapse rate/patient/month · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Alkylating agents vs cyclosporin Adverse effects: serum creatinine · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	RR 0.2 [0.02, 1.69]	2 studies · 106 participants	Low
Rituximab vs placebo or control Relapse rate/patient/month · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Alkylating agents vs cyclosporin Adverse effects: hypertrichosis · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	RR 0.06 [0.01, 0.4]	2 studies · 106 participants	Low
Alkylating agents vs cyclosporin Adverse effects: gum hypertrophy · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	RR 0.08 [0.01, 0.59]	2 studies · 106 participants	Low
Alkylating agents vs cyclosporin Adverse effects: hypertension · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	RR 0.33 [0.01, 7.72]	1 study · 40 participants	Very low
Alkylating agents vs cyclosporin Adverse effects: leucopenia · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	RR 29.84 [1.84, 483.93]	1 study · 66 participants	Very low
Alkylating agents vs steroids, placebo or both Relapse at 6 to 12 months · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	RR 0.44 [0.32, 0.6]	6 studies · 202 participants	Moderate
Alkylating agents vs steroids, placebo or both Relapse at 12 to 24 months · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	RR 0.2 [0.09, 0.46]	4 studies · 59 participants	Low
Alkylating agents vs steroids, placebo or both Frequent relapses · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Alkylating agents vs steroids, placebo or both Mean relapse rate/patient/month · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Alkylating agents vs steroids, placebo or both CPA: leucopenia · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	RR 10.63 [1.45, 78.05]	NR	Ungraded
Alkylating agents vs steroids, placebo or both Chlorambucil: leucopenia · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	RR 2.5 [0.11, 54.87]	NR	Ungraded
Rituximab vs placebo or control Adverse effects: moderate to severe Infusion reactions · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	RR 5.83 [1.34, 25.29]	4 studies · 252 participants	Low
Intravenous vs oral cyclophosphamide Relapse at 6 months · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	RR 0.54 [0.34, 0.88]	2 studies · 83 participants	Low
Intravenous vs oral cyclophosphamide Continuing frequently‐relapsing or steroid‐dependent SSNS at 6 months · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	RR 0.4 [0.18, 0.89]	1 study · 47 participants	Low
Intravenous vs oral cyclophosphamide Relapse at end of study · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	RR 0.99 [0.76, 1.29]	2 studies · 83 participants	Low
Intravenous vs oral cyclophosphamide Mean relapse rate/patient/month · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	no estimate extracted	NR	No studies
Intravenous vs oral cyclophosphamide Adverse events: leucopenia · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	RR 0.37 [0.09, 1.51]	2 studies · 83 participants	Low
Intravenous vs oral cyclophosphamide Adverse events: hair loss · SSNS in children Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressive medications for steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children (2020) · Cochrane	RR 0.19 [0.04, 1.03]	2 studies · 83 participants	Low