What do systematic reviews say?

Chemmotherapy combined with biological therapy vs chemotherapy alone

Chemmotherapy combined with biological therapy showed no clear difference in overall survival compared with chemotherapy (moderate certainty).

• Salvage systemic therapy for advanced gastric and oesophago‐gastric junction adenocarcinoma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.93 [0.83, 1.04]
  7 studies · 2743 participants
  Moderate

Chemmotherapy combined with biological therapy vs chemotherapy alone

It is very uncertain whether chemmotherapy combined with biological therapy changes progression‐free survival compared with chemotherapy (very low certainty).

• Salvage systemic therapy for advanced gastric and oesophago‐gastric junction adenocarcinoma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.87 [0.74, 1.02]
  7 studies · 2743 participants
  Very low

Chemmotherapy combined with biological therapy vs chemotherapy alone

It is very uncertain whether chemmotherapy combined with biological therapy changes serious adverse events compared with chemotherapy (very low certainty).

• Salvage systemic therapy for advanced gastric and oesophago‐gastric junction adenocarcinoma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.17 [0.95, 1.44]
  4 studies · 1618 participants
  Very low

Chemmotherapy combined with biological therapy vs chemotherapy alone

It is very uncertain whether chemmotherapy combined with biological therapy changes tumour response rate compared with chemotherapy (very low certainty).

• Salvage systemic therapy for advanced gastric and oesophago‐gastric junction adenocarcinoma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.35 [0.99, 1.85]
  6 studies · 2404 participants
  Very low

Chemmotherapy combined with biological therapy vs chemotherapy alone

Chemmotherapy combined with biological therapy showed no clear difference in any adverse events compared with chemotherapy (moderate certainty).

• Salvage systemic therapy for advanced gastric and oesophago‐gastric junction adenocarcinoma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.01 [1, 1.03]
  3 studies · 1513 participants
  Moderate

Chemmotherapy combined with biological therapy vs chemotherapy alone

Chemmotherapy combined with biological therapy showed no clear difference in quality of life (QoL) compared with chemotherapy (low certainty).

• Salvage systemic therapy for advanced gastric and oesophago‐gastric junction adenocarcinoma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.88 [0.74, 1.04]
  2 studies · 1154 participants
  Low

Photodynamic therapy plus mechanical debridement vs Mechanical debridement alone

• Supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) for maintaining the dentition in adults treated for periodontitis 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes

  12 months
  Not measured in usable way (Lulic 2009 reported only the percentage of sites with bleeding, with no participant-based measures)
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Hysterectomy (simple or radical) with radiotherapy vs Radiotherapy alone

Hysterectomy (simple or radical) with radiotherapy showed no clear difference in progression‐free survival Median compared with radiotherapy alone (low certainty).

• Hysterectomy with radiotherapy or chemotherapy or both for women with locally advanced cervical cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.77 [0.54, 1.1]
  1 study · 256 participants
  Low

Hysterectomy (simple or radical) with radiotherapy vs Radiotherapy alone

• Hysterectomy with radiotherapy or chemotherapy or both for women with locally advanced cervical cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 118 participants
  Very low

Hysterectomy (simple or radical) with radiotherapy vs Radiotherapy alone

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Hysterectomy with radiotherapy or chemotherapy or both for women with locally advanced cervical cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Hysterectomy (simple or radical) with radiotherapy vs Radiotherapy alone

Hysterectomy (simple or radical) with radiotherapy may leads to higher severe/serious adverse events compared with radiotherapy alone (low certainty).

• Hysterectomy with radiotherapy or chemotherapy or both for women with locally advanced cervical cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 4
  2 studies · 374 participants
  Low

Hysterectomy (simple or radical) with radiotherapy vs Radiotherapy alone

Hysterectomy (simple or radical) with radiotherapy showed no clear difference in overall survival Median compared with radiotherapy alone (low certainty).

• Hysterectomy with radiotherapy or chemotherapy or both for women with locally advanced cervical cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.89 [0.61, 1.29]
  1 study · 256 participants
  Low

Hysterectomy (radical) with neoadjuvant chemotherapy vs chemoradiotherapy alone

Hysterectomy (radical) with neoadjuvant chemotherapy showed no clear difference in overall survival Median compared with chemoradiotherapy alone (moderate certainty).

• Hysterectomy with radiotherapy or chemotherapy or both for women with locally advanced cervical cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.94 [0.76, 1.16]
  2 studies · 1253 participants
  Moderate

Hysterectomy (radical) with neoadjuvant chemotherapy vs chemoradiotherapy alone

Hysterectomy (radical) with neoadjuvant chemotherapy may leads to higher DFS Median compared with chemoradiotherapy alone (low certainty).

• Hysterectomy with radiotherapy or chemotherapy or both for women with locally advanced cervical cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.38 [1.02, 1.87]
  1 study · 633 participants
  Low

Hysterectomy (radical) with neoadjuvant chemotherapy vs chemoradiotherapy alone

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Hysterectomy with radiotherapy or chemotherapy or both for women with locally advanced cervical cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Hysterectomy (radical) with neoadjuvant chemotherapy vs chemoradiotherapy alone

It is very uncertain whether hysterectomy (radical) with neoadjuvant chemotherapy changes SAEs and toxicity compared with chemoradiotherapy alone (very low certainty).

• Hysterectomy with radiotherapy or chemotherapy or both for women with locally advanced cervical cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 4
  1 study · 198 participants
  Very low

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) following extractions vs penicillin G

It is very uncertain whether hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) following extractions changes incidence of ORN compared with perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (penicillin G) following… (very low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing osteoradionecrosis of the jaws in adults receiving head and neck radiotherapy 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  6 months
  RR 0.18 [0.43, 0.76]
  1 study · 74 participants
  Very low

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) following extractions vs penicillin G

• Interventions for preventing osteoradionecrosis of the jaws in adults receiving head and neck radiotherapy 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  6 months
  Adverse effects were an outcome of interest in the study conducting this comparison, however no mention was made of the presence or absence of any adverse events
  1 study · 74 participants
  Very low

Hysterectomy (simple or radical) with chemoradiotherapy vs chemoradiotherapy alone

It is very uncertain whether hysterectomy (simple or radical) with chemoradiotherapy changes overall survival Median compared with chemoradiotherapy alone (very low certainty).

• Hysterectomy with radiotherapy or chemotherapy or both for women with locally advanced cervical cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 102 participants
  Very low

Hysterectomy (simple or radical) with chemoradiotherapy vs chemoradiotherapy alone

It is very uncertain whether hysterectomy (simple or radical) with chemoradiotherapy changes progression or event‐free survival Median compared with chemoradiotherapy alone (very low certainty).

• Hysterectomy with radiotherapy or chemotherapy or both for women with locally advanced cervical cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 163 participants
  Very low