Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,756 questions · 11,779 findings · 747 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 3,205 · 27.2%GRADE not reported 628 · 5.3%Very low 3,261 · 27.7%Low 2,913 · 24.7%Moderate 1,453 · 12.3%High 319 · 2.7%

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Systemic corticosteroids plus intranasal steroid/mucolytic/decongestant vs no intervention

Psychophysical testing for recovery of sense of smell · adults with olfactory dysfunction for ≥ 4 weeks following COVID‐19 infection

It is very uncertain whether systemic corticosteroids plus intranasal… changes psychophysical testing for recovery of sense of smell compared with no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Total studies: 55* Total participants: 3758 No. interventions in network: 21 · adults with malignant pleural effusion Interventions: talc poudrage, bleomycin, IPC – not daily drainage, doxycycline, placebo Comparator…

The intervention led to lower total studies: 55* Total participants: 3758 No. interventions in…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Total studies: 31* Total participants: 2753 No. interventions in network: 14 · adults with malignant pleural effusion Interventions: talc poudrage, bleomycin IPC – not daily drainage, doxycycline, placebo Comparator…

The intervention led to lower total studies: 31* Total participants: 2753 No. interventions in…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Total studies: 31* Total participants: 2816 No. interventions in network: 15 · adults with malignant pleural effusion Interventions: talc poudrage, bleomycin IPC – not daily drainage, doxycycline, placebo Comparator…

The intervention led to lower total studies: 31* Total participants: 2816 No. interventions in…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Total studies: 30 * Total participants: 2004 No. interventions in network: 14 · adults with malignant pleural effusion Interventions: talc poudrage, bleomycin, IPC – not daily drainage, doxycycline, placebo Comparator…

The intervention led to lower total studies: 30 * Total participants: 2004 No. interventions in…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Lay health worker‐ vs enhanced usual care

Clinical recovery ‐ harmful or dependent alcohol use (1 to 6 months post intervention) Defined by AUDIT score < 8 (RR > 1 denotes higher likelihood of recovery) · adult patients with alcohol dependence

It is very uncertain whether lay health worker‐led interventions changes clinical recovery ‐ harmful or dependent alcohol use (1 to 6 months… compared with enhanced usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lay health worker‐ vs enhanced usual care

Clinical symptoms ‐ alcohol use (1 to 6 months post intervention) · adult patients with alcohol dependence

It is very uncertain whether lay health worker‐led interventions changes clinical symptoms ‐ alcohol use (1 to 6 months post intervention) compared with enhanced usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lay health worker‐ vs enhanced usual care

Clinical symptoms ‐ depression (1 to 6 months post intervention) · adult patients with alcohol dependence

It is very uncertain whether lay health worker‐led interventions changes clinical symptoms ‐ depression (1 to 6 months post intervention) compared with enhanced usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lay health worker‐ vs enhanced usual care

Functional impairment · adult patients with alcohol dependence

It is very uncertain whether lay health worker‐led interventions changes functional impairment (1 to 6 months post intervention) compared with enhanced usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lay health worker‐ vs enhanced usual care

Service utilisation ‐ Unplanned hospitalisation in past 12 months (RR > 1 denotes higher risk of hospitalisation) · adult patients with alcohol dependence

It is very uncertain whether lay health worker‐led interventions changes service utilisation ‐ Unplanned hospitalisation in past 12 months… compared with enhanced usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lay health worker‐ vs enhanced usual care

Adverse events ‐ death in past 12 months (RR > 1 denotes higher risk of death) · adult patients with alcohol dependence

It is very uncertain whether lay health worker‐led interventions changes adverse events ‐ death in past 12 months (RR > 1 denotes higher risk… compared with enhanced usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for involving patients in decision‐making about their health care vs usual care

Psychiatric symptoms Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS; Overall 1988): 16 items with 7‐item Likert scale ('not present' to 'extremely severe') measured 6 months after intervention (Yamaguchi 2017). · patients with mental health disorders
1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for involving patients in decision‐making about their health care vs usual care

Depression (6 months or more) MADRS measured 6 months after intervention (Aljumah 2015). PHQ‐9 measured 6 months after intervention (LeBlanc 2015). QIDS‐J measured 6 months after intervention (Aoki 2019a). Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HA... · patients with mental health disorders
1 finding from 1 review