What do systematic reviews say?

Psychological therapies vs benzodiazepines

• Psychological therapies versus pharmacological interventions for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 89 participants
  Very low

Psychological therapies vs antidepressants alone or antidepressants and benzodiazepines

All psychological therapies showed no clear difference in short‐term remission compared with antidepressants alone or antidepressants and benzodiazepines (low certainty).

• Psychological therapies versus pharmacological interventions for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.86 [0.71, 1.05]
  11 studies · 663 participants
  Low

Psychological therapies vs antidepressants alone or antidepressants and benzodiazepines

All psychological therapies showed no clear difference in short‐term response compared with antidepressants alone or antidepressants and benzodiazepines (low certainty).

• Psychological therapies versus pharmacological interventions for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.95 [0.76, 1.18]
  12 studies · 800 participants
  Low

Psychological therapies vs antidepressants alone or antidepressants and benzodiazepines

It is very uncertain whether all psychological therapies changes dropouts for any reason compared with antidepressants alone or antidepressants and benzodiazepines (very low certainty).

• Psychological therapies versus pharmacological interventions for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.08 [0.77, 1.51]
  13 studies · 909 participants
  Very low

Psychological therapies vs antidepressants alone or antidepressants and benzodiazepines

• Psychological therapies versus pharmacological interventions for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Psychological therapies vs antidepressants alone or antidepressants and benzodiazepines

• Psychological therapies versus pharmacological interventions for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  11 studies · 638 participants
  Low

Psychological therapies vs SSRI

All psychological therapies showed no clear difference in dropouts for any reason compared with SSRI (low certainty).

• Psychological therapies versus pharmacological interventions for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.33 [0.8, 2.22]
  6 studies · 334 participants
  Low

Psychological therapies vs SSRI

• Psychological therapies versus pharmacological interventions for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Psychological therapies vs SSRI

• Psychological therapies versus pharmacological interventions for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 242 participants
  Moderate

Psychological therapies vs tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)

All psychological therapies showed no clear difference in short‐term remission compared with tricyclic antidepressants (low certainty).

• Psychological therapies versus pharmacological interventions for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.82 [0.62, 1.09]
  3 studies · 229 participants
  Low

Psychological therapies vs tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)

All psychological therapies showed no clear difference in short‐term response compared with tricyclic antidepressants (low certainty).

• Psychological therapies versus pharmacological interventions for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.75 [0.51, 1.1]
  4 studies · 270 participants
  Low

Psychological therapies vs tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)

All psychological therapies showed no clear difference in dropouts for any reason compared with tricyclic antidepressants (low certainty).

• Psychological therapies versus pharmacological interventions for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.83 [0.53, 1.3]
  5 studies · 430 participants
  Low

Psychological therapies vs tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)

• Psychological therapies versus pharmacological interventions for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Comparison 1: CBT‐based psychotherapy vs treatment

Comparison 1: CBT‐based psychotherapy showed no clear difference in repetition of SH at post‐intervention compared with treatment (low certainty).

• Psychosocial interventions for self‐harm in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.66 [0.36, 1.21]
  1 study · 313 participants
  Low

Case management vs treatment

Comparison 3: Case management showed no clear difference in repetition of SH at post‐intervention compared with treatment (moderate certainty).

• Psychosocial interventions for self‐harm in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.78 [0.47, 1.3]
  4 studies · 1608 participants
  Moderate

Case management vs treatment

Comparison 3: Case management probably leads to higher multiple readmissions for SH at post‐intervention compared with treatment (moderate certainty).

• Psychosocial interventions for self‐harm in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 5.23 [1.12, 24.45]
  1 study · 469 participants
  Moderate

Comparison 4: Adherence enhancement approaches vs treatment

Comparison 4: Adherence enhancement approaches showed no clear difference in repetition of SH at 12 months' compared with treatment (low certainty).

• Psychosocial interventions for self‐harm in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.57 [0.32, 1.02]
  1 study · 391 participants
  Low

Comparison 1: CBT‐based psychotherapy vs treatment

Comparison 1: CBT‐based psychotherapy probably leads to lower repetition of SH at 6 months compared with treatment (moderate certainty).

• Psychosocial interventions for self‐harm in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.54 [0.34, 0.85]
  12 studies · 1317 participants
  Moderate

Comparison 1: CBT‐based psychotherapy vs treatment

Comparison 1: CBT‐based psychotherapy probably leads to lower repetition of SH at 12 months compared with treatment (moderate certainty).

• Psychosocial interventions for self‐harm in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.8 [0.65, 0.98]
  10 studies · 2232 participants
  Moderate

Comparison 1: CBT‐based psychotherapy vs treatment

Comparison 1: CBT‐based psychotherapy probably leads to lower repetition of SH at 24 months compared with treatment (moderate certainty).

• Psychosocial interventions for self‐harm in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.31 [0.14, 0.69]
  2 studies · 105 participants
  Moderate