Neonatal death or serious neonatal perinatal morbidity · pregnant women carrying a live fetus at or near term (≥ 36 weeks' gestation).
Amniotic membranes sweeping showed no clear difference in neonatal death or serious neonatal perinatal morbidity compared with no treatment/sham (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Spontaneous onset of labour · pregnant women carrying a live fetus at or near term (≥ 36 weeks' gestation).
Amniotic membranes sweeping showed no clear difference in spontaneous onset of labour compared with vaginal/intracervical prostaglandins (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Induction of labour · pregnant women carrying a live fetus at or near term (≥ 36 weeks' gestation).
Amniotic membranes sweeping showed no clear difference in induction of labour compared with vaginal/intracervical prostaglandins (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Low birthweight · women at increased risk of low birthweight babies (maternal outcomes)
Additional support showed no clear difference in birthweight < 2500 g compared with usual care during pregnancy (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Gestational age (preterm birth < 37 weeks) · women at increased risk of low birthweight babies (maternal outcomes)
Additional support showed no clear difference in gestational age < 37 weeks at birth compared with usual care during pregnancy (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Death of a baby (stillbirth or neonatal death) report of perinatal death · women at increased risk of low birthweight babies (maternal outcomes)
Additional support showed no clear difference in stillbirth/neonatal death compared with usual care during pregnancy (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Assessment of long‐term morbidity · women at increased risk of low birthweight babies (maternal outcomes)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Non‐initiation of breastfeeding · women with a pre‐pregnancy BMI > 29 kg/m², who were intending to breastfeed, had no history of breast surgery, who were at least 19 years…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Exclusive breastfeeding at 4‐6 weeks · women with a pre‐pregnancy BMI > 29 kg/m², who were intending to breastfeed, had no history of breast surgery, who were at least 19 years…
It is very uncertain whether physical breastfeeding support interventions (electric or manual… changes exclusive breastfeeding at 4‐6 weeks compared with usual care (no pump) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Breastfeeding · women with a pre‐pregnancy BMI > 29 kg/m², who were intending to breastfeed, had no history of breast surgery, who were at least 19 years…
It is very uncertain whether physical breastfeeding support interventions (electric or manual… changes any breastfeeding at 4‐6 weeks compared with usual care (no pump) (very low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months · women with a pre‐pregnancy BMI > 29 kg/m², who were intending to breastfeed, had no history of breast surgery, who were at least 19 years…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Serious maternal morbidity or death · pregnant women with gestational diabetes, between 38 ‐ 39 gestational weeks, without other maternal or fetal conditions.
It is very uncertain whether planned elective birth (induction or caesarean) changes maternal mortality or serious maternal morbidity compared with expectant management (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caesarean section · pregnant women with gestational diabetes, between 38 ‐ 39 gestational weeks, without other maternal or fetal conditions.
It is very uncertain whether planned elective birth (induction or caesarean) changes caesarean section compared with expectant management (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Instrumental vaginal birth · pregnant women with gestational diabetes, between 38 ‐ 39 gestational weeks, without other maternal or fetal conditions.
It is very uncertain whether planned elective birth (induction or caesarean) changes instrumental vaginal birth compared with expectant management (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Perinatal mortality · pregnant women with gestational diabetes, between 38 ‐ 39 gestational weeks, without other maternal or fetal conditions.
1 finding from 1 review
Shoulder dystocia · pregnant women with gestational diabetes, between 38 ‐ 39 gestational weeks, without other maternal or fetal conditions.
It is very uncertain whether planned elective birth (induction or caesarean) changes shoulder dystocia compared with expectant management (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Large‐for‐gestational age · pregnant women with gestational diabetes, between 38 ‐ 39 gestational weeks, without other maternal or fetal conditions.
Planned elective birth (induction or caesarean) showed no clear difference in large‐for‐gestational age compared with expectant management (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Acidaemia ‐ not measured · pregnant women with gestational diabetes, between 38 ‐ 39 gestational weeks, without other maternal or fetal conditions.
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Severe perineal/vaginal trauma · Women in labour where operative delivery was not anticipated. (Women were above 16 years old and between 28 gestational weeks and full…
Selective may leads to lower severe perineal/vaginal trauma compared with routine episiotomy: all vaginal births where operative vaginal… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Blood loss at delivery · Women in labour where operative delivery was not anticipated. (Women were above 16 years old and between 28 gestational weeks and full…
1 finding from 1 review