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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,050 questions in 42 reviews · Incontinence
current versionsNo studies 391 · 37.2%Ungraded 82 · 7.8%Very low 199 · 19%Low 206 · 19.6%Moderate 150 · 14.3%High 22 · 2.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Vaginal hysteropexy vs sacral hysteropexy (uterine prolapse) Awareness of prolapse · women with apical uterine prolapse Surgery for women with apical vaginal prolapse (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.55 [0.21, 1.44] | 1 study · 257 participants | Low |
Vaginal hysteropexy vs sacral hysteropexy (uterine prolapse) Surgery for recurrent prolapse · women with apical uterine prolapse Surgery for women with apical vaginal prolapse (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.34 [0.52, 3.44] | 2 studies · 345 participants | Moderate |
Vaginal hysteropexy vs sacral hysteropexy (uterine prolapse) Prolapse on examination (Stage 2 or above) ‐ Any recurrent prolapse · women with apical uterine prolapse Surgery for women with apical vaginal prolapse (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 [0.83, 1.19] | 2 studies · 367 participants | Moderate |
Vaginal hysteropexy vs sacral hysteropexy (uterine prolapse) Mesh exposure (1‐4 years) · women with apical uterine prolapse Surgery for women with apical vaginal prolapse (2023) · Cochrane | RR 7.05 [0.37, 135.2] | 1 study · 257 participants | Very low |
Vaginal procedure vs sacral colpopexy (vault prolapse) Surgery for recurrent prolapse · women with apical vaginal vault prolapse Surgery for women with apical vaginal prolapse (2023) · Cochrane | RR 2.33 [1.34, 4.04] | 6 studies · 497 participants | Moderate |
Vaginal hysteropexy vs sacral hysteropexy (uterine prolapse) Painful intercourse ‐ De novo dyspareunia · women with apical uterine prolapse Surgery for women with apical vaginal prolapse (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.86 [0.72, 4.83] | 2 studies · 203 participants | Moderate |
Vaginal hysteropexy vs sacral hysteropexy (uterine prolapse) Pelvic Floor Distress inventory (PFDI‐20) · women with apical uterine prolapse Surgery for women with apical vaginal prolapse (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 209 participants | Low |
Vaginal hysterectomy vs vaginal hysteropexy (uterine prolapse) Awareness of prolapse · women with apical uterine prolapse Surgery for women with apical vaginal prolapse (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.44, 2.24] | 2 studies · 365 participants | Moderate |
Vaginal hysterectomy vs vaginal hysteropexy (uterine prolapse) Surgery for recurrent prolapse · women with apical uterine prolapse Surgery for women with apical vaginal prolapse (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.32 [0.67, 2.6] | 3 studies · 443 participants | Moderate |
Vaginal hysterectomy vs vaginal hysteropexy (uterine prolapse) Prolapse on examination (Stage 2 or above) ‐ Any recurrent prolapse · women with apical uterine prolapse Surgery for women with apical vaginal prolapse (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.44 [0.79, 2.61] | 2 studies · 361 participants | Low |
Vaginal hysterectomy vs vaginal hysteropexy (uterine prolapse) POP‐Q assessment Total Vaginal Length (TVL) · women with apical uterine prolapse Surgery for women with apical vaginal prolapse (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 413 participants | Low |
Vaginal hysterectomy vs vaginal hysteropexy (uterine prolapse) Bladder function ‐ Stress incontinence · women with apical uterine prolapse Surgery for women with apical vaginal prolapse (2023) · Cochrane | OR 0.51 [0.22, 1.17] | 1 study · 175 participants | Low |
Vaginal hysterectomy vs vaginal hysteropexy (uterine prolapse) Painful intercourse ‐ Dyspareunia · women with apical uterine prolapse Surgery for women with apical vaginal prolapse (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.53 [0.13, 2.11] | 2 studies · 331 participants | Low |
Vaginal hysterectomy vs vaginal hysteropexy (uterine prolapse) Operating time (minutes) · women with apical uterine prolapse Surgery for women with apical vaginal prolapse (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 382 participants | Low |
Vaginal surgery with mesh vs without mesh Awareness of prolapse · women with apical vaginal prolapse Surgery for women with apical vaginal prolapse (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.08 [0.35, 3.3] | 1 study · 54 participants | Moderate |
Vaginal procedure vs sacral colpopexy (vault prolapse) Prolapse on examination (Stage 2 or above) ‐ Any recurrent prolapse · women with apical vaginal vault prolapse Surgery for women with apical vaginal prolapse (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.87 [1.32, 2.65] | 5 studies · 422 participants | Moderate |
Vaginal surgery with mesh vs without mesh Surgery for recurrent prolapse · women with apical vaginal prolapse Surgery for women with apical vaginal prolapse (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.57 [0.3, 1.06] | 5 studies · 450 participants | Moderate |
Vaginal surgery with mesh vs without mesh Prolapse on examination (Stage 2 or above) ‐ Any recurrent prolapse · women with apical vaginal prolapse Surgery for women with apical vaginal prolapse (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.36 [0.09, 1.4] | 3 studies · 269 participants | Low |
Vaginal surgery with mesh vs without mesh Bladder injury · women with apical vaginal prolapse Surgery for women with apical vaginal prolapse (2023) · Cochrane | RR 3 [0.91, 9.89] | 4 studies · 445 participants | Low |
Vaginal surgery with mesh vs without mesh Mesh exposure · women with apical vaginal prolapse Surgery for women with apical vaginal prolapse (2023) · Cochrane | RR 14.75 [4.64, 46.89] | 5 studies · 499 participants | Low |
Vaginal surgery with mesh vs without mesh Bladder function ‐ Stress incontinence · women with apical vaginal prolapse Surgery for women with apical vaginal prolapse (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.37 [0.97, 1.93] | 6 studies · 463 participants | Moderate |
Vaginal surgery with mesh vs without mesh Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ) (lower score better function) · women with apical vaginal prolapse Surgery for women with apical vaginal prolapse (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 180 participants | Moderate |
Vaginal uterosacral colpopexy vs alternative vaginal native tissue apical suspension Awareness of prolapse · women with apical vaginal prolapse Surgery for women with apical vaginal prolapse (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.88 [0.68, 1.15] | 1 study · 267 participants | Moderate |
Vaginal uterosacral colpopexy vs alternative vaginal native tissue apical suspension Surgery for recurrent prolapse · women with apical vaginal prolapse Surgery for women with apical vaginal prolapse (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.86 [0.66, 5.28] | 1 study · 228 participants | Moderate |
Vaginal uterosacral colpopexy vs alternative vaginal native tissue apical suspension Prolapse on examination ‐ Anterior compartment prolapse · women with apical vaginal prolapse Surgery for women with apical vaginal prolapse (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.14 [0.88, 1.48] | 3 studies · 588 participants | Moderate |
Vaginal uterosacral colpopexy vs alternative vaginal native tissue apical suspension Prolapse on examination ‐ Apical compartment prolapse · women with apical vaginal prolapse Surgery for women with apical vaginal prolapse (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.8 [0.38, 1.67] | 3 studies · 587 participants | Moderate |
Vaginal procedure vs sacral colpopexy (vault prolapse) Intraoperative Visceral injury · women with apical vaginal vault prolapse Surgery for women with apical vaginal prolapse (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.46 [0.13, 1.63] | 7 studies · 625 participants | Moderate |
Vaginal uterosacral colpopexy vs alternative vaginal native tissue apical suspension Prolapse on examination ‐ Posterior compartment prolapse · women with apical vaginal prolapse Surgery for women with apical vaginal prolapse (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.36 [0.79, 2.32] | 3 studies · 588 participants | Moderate |
Vaginal uterosacral colpopexy vs alternative vaginal native tissue apical suspension Bladder function ‐ Stress urinary incontinence · women with apical vaginal prolapse Surgery for women with apical vaginal prolapse (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.6 [0.64, 3.98] | 1 study · 228 participants | Low |
Vaginal uterosacral colpopexy vs alternative vaginal native tissue apical suspension Painful intercourse ‐ Dyspareunia · women with apical vaginal prolapse Surgery for women with apical vaginal prolapse (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.19 [0.73, 1.95] | 1 study · 228 participants | Low |
Absorbable vs non absorbable sutures Awareness of prolapse · women with apical vaginal prolapse Surgery for women with apical vaginal prolapse (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.78 [0.39, 1.56] | 4 studies · 493 participants | Moderate |
Absorbable vs non absorbable sutures Surgery for recurrent prolapse · women with apical vaginal prolapse Surgery for women with apical vaginal prolapse (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 222 participants | High |
Absorbable vs non absorbable sutures Prolapse on examination ‐ Any recurrent prolapse · women with apical vaginal prolapse Surgery for women with apical vaginal prolapse (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.82 [0.48, 1.4] | 3 studies · 417 participants | High |
Absorbable vs non absorbable sutures Visceral injury ‐ Bladder · women with apical vaginal prolapse Surgery for women with apical vaginal prolapse (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.43 [0.11, 1.65] | 3 studies · 545 participants | Moderate |
Absorbable vs non absorbable sutures Suture/mesh exposure · women with apical vaginal prolapse Surgery for women with apical vaginal prolapse (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.25 [0.04, 1.6] | 5 studies · 688 participants | Low |
Absorbable vs non absorbable sutures Painful intercourse ‐ Dyspareunia · women with apical vaginal prolapse Surgery for women with apical vaginal prolapse (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.11 [0, 3.91] | 2 studies · 161 participants | Low |
Sacral colpopexy: laparoscopic vs alternative approach Awareness of prolapse: Laparoscopic versus open · women with apical vaginal prolapse Surgery for women with apical vaginal prolapse (2023) · Cochrane | RR 2.06 [0.4, 10.54] | 2 studies · 193 participants | Low |
Vaginal procedure vs sacral colpopexy (vault prolapse) Bladder Function ‐ Stress incontinence · women with apical vaginal vault prolapse Surgery for women with apical vaginal prolapse (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.86 [1.17, 2.94] | 3 studies · 263 participants | Moderate |
Sacral colpopexy: laparoscopic vs alternative approach Surgery for recurrent prolapse · women with apical vaginal prolapse Surgery for women with apical vaginal prolapse (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.77 [0.26, 2.31] | 3 studies · 208 participants | Moderate |
Sacral colpopexy: laparoscopic vs alternative approach Prolapse on examination (Stage 2 or more): Any recurrent prolapse · women with apical vaginal prolapse Surgery for women with apical vaginal prolapse (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.29 [0.64, 2.56] | 3 studies · 225 participants | Low |
Sacral colpopexy: laparoscopic vs alternative approach Any complications (Clavien‐Dindo > 3) · women with apical vaginal prolapse Surgery for women with apical vaginal prolapse (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.26 [0.17, 9.44] | 2 studies · 193 participants | Very low |
Sacral colpopexy: laparoscopic vs alternative approach Operating time (minutes) · women with apical vaginal prolapse Surgery for women with apical vaginal prolapse (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 241 participants | Very low |
Sacral colpopexy: laparoscopic vs alternative approach Length of Hospital Stay (days) · women with apical vaginal prolapse Surgery for women with apical vaginal prolapse (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 246 participants | Low |
Vaginal procedure vs sacral colpopexy (vault prolapse) Painful intercourse ‐ Dyspareunia · women with apical vaginal vault prolapse Surgery for women with apical vaginal prolapse (2023) · Cochrane | RR 3.44 [0.61, 19.53] | 3 studies · 106 participants | Low |
Vaginal procedure vs sacral colpopexy (vault prolapse) Operating time (minutes) · women with apical vaginal vault prolapse Surgery for women with apical vaginal prolapse (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 517 participants | Low |
Vaginal procedure vs sacral colpopexy (vault prolapse) Cost (US dollars) · women with apical vaginal vault prolapse Surgery for women with apical vaginal prolapse (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 188 participants | Low |
Vaginal hysterectomy vs sacral hysteropexy/cervicopexy (uterine prolapse) Awareness of prolapse · women with apical uterine prolapse Surgery for women with apical vaginal prolapse (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.1, 9.98] | 2 studies · 200 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs no treatment Participant‐reported cure or improvement: immediately after treatment · overactive bladder Bladder training for treating overactive bladder in adults (2023) · Cochrane | RR 17 [1.13, 256.56] | 1 study · 18 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs anticholinergics Number of any adverse events: immediately after treatment · overactive bladder Bladder training for treating overactive bladder in adults (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.03 [0.01, 0.17] | 3 studies · 187 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs anticholinergics Participant‐reported satisfaction: immediately after treatment · overactive bladder Bladder training for treating overactive bladder in adults (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |