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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
970 questions in 77 reviews · Epilepsy
current versionsNo studies 190 · 19.6%Ungraded 42 · 4.3%Very low 135 · 13.9%Low 289 · 29.8%Moderate 242 · 24.9%High 72 · 7.4%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Pregabalin vs placebo Adverse effect: weight gain · drug‐resistant focal epilepsy Pregabalin add‐on for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy (2022) · Cochrane | RR 4.35 [2.34, 8.11] | 8 studies · 2488 participants | Low |
Pregabalin vs active comparators 50% or greater reduction in seizurefrequency · drug‐resistant focal epilepsy Pregabalin add‐on for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.03 [0.85, 1.25] | 3 studies · 1286 participants | Low |
Pregabalin vs active comparators 50% or greater reduction in seizure frequency ‐ best‐case analysis · drug‐resistant focal epilepsy Pregabalin add‐on for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.6 [1.17, 2.19] | 3 studies · 1286 participants | Very low |
Pregabalin vs active comparators 50% or greater reduction in seizure frequency ‐ worst‐case analysis · drug‐resistant focal epilepsy Pregabalin add‐on for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.67 [0.62, 0.74] | 3 studies · 1286 participants | Moderate |
Pregabalin vs active comparators Seizure freedom · drug‐resistant focal epilepsy Pregabalin add‐on for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.59 [0.37, 0.95] | 2 studies · 802 participants | Very low |
Pregabalin vs active comparators Treatment withdrawal for any reason · drug‐resistant focal epilepsy Pregabalin add‐on for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.93 [0.76, 1.13] | 3 studies · 1286 participants | Low |
Pregabalin vs active comparators Treatment withdrawal for adverse events · drug‐resistant focal epilepsy Pregabalin add‐on for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy (2022) · Cochrane | 1.04 [0.73, 1.48] | 3 studies · 1286 participants | Low |
Pregabalin vs placebo 50% or greater reduction in seizure frequency ‐ best‐case analysis · drug‐resistant focal epilepsy Pregabalin add‐on for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy (2022) · Cochrane | RR 2.91 [1.92, 4.42] | 9 studies · 2663 participants | Very low |
Pregabalin vs active comparators Adverse effect: ataxia · drug‐resistant focal epilepsy Pregabalin add‐on for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy (2022) · Cochrane | 1.72 [0.54, 5.55] | 1 study · 293 participants | Low |
Pregabalin vs active comparators Adverse effect: dizziness · drug‐resistant focal epilepsy Pregabalin add‐on for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy (2022) · Cochrane | 1.64 [0.85, 3.16] | 3 studies · 1286 participants | Low |
Pregabalin vs active comparators Adverse effect: fatigue · drug‐resistant focal epilepsy Pregabalin add‐on for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy (2022) · Cochrane | 1.72 [0.77, 3.83] | 1 study · 293 participants | Low |
Pregabalin vs active comparators Adverse effect: headache · drug‐resistant focal epilepsy Pregabalin add‐on for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy (2022) · Cochrane | 0.83 [0.41, 1.65] | 3 studies · 1286 participants | Very low |
Pregabalin vs active comparators Adverse effect: nausea · drug‐resistant focal epilepsy Pregabalin add‐on for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy (2022) · Cochrane | 0.2 [0.04, 1.01] | 1 study · 509 participants | Very low |
Pregabalin vs active comparators Adverse effect: somnolence · drug‐resistant focal epilepsy Pregabalin add‐on for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy (2022) · Cochrane | 1.16 [0.88, 1.53] | 3 studies · 1286 participants | Low |
Pregabalin vs active comparators Adverse effect: weight gain · drug‐resistant focal epilepsy Pregabalin add‐on for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy (2022) · Cochrane | 2.87 [0.94, 8.75] | 3 studies · 1286 participants | Low |
Pregabalin vs placebo 50% or greater reduction in seizure frequency ‐ worst‐case analysis · drug‐resistant focal epilepsy Pregabalin add‐on for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.1 [0.92, 1.31] | 9 studies · 2663 participants | Very low |
Pregabalin vs placebo Seizure freedom · drug‐resistant focal epilepsy Pregabalin add‐on for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy (2022) · Cochrane | 3.94 [1.5, 10.37] | 4 studies · 1125 participants | Moderate |
Pregabalin vs placebo Treatment withdrawal for any reason · drug‐resistant focal epilepsy Pregabalin add‐on for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.33 [1.1, 1.6] | 9 studies · 2663 participants | Moderate |
Pregabalin vs placebo Treatment withdrawal due to adverse effects · drug‐resistant focal epilepsy Pregabalin add‐on for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy (2022) · Cochrane | RR 2.6 [1.86, 3.64] | 9 studies · 2663 participants | Moderate |
Pregabalin vs placebo Adverse effect: ataxia · drug‐resistant focal epilepsy Pregabalin add‐on for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy (2022) · Cochrane | RR 3.9 [2.05, 7.42] | 6 studies · 1868 participants | Low |
Pregabalin vs placebo Adverse effect: dizziness · drug‐resistant focal epilepsy Pregabalin add‐on for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy (2022) · Cochrane | RR 3.15 [2.23, 4.44] | 7 studies · 2193 participants | Low |
Pregabalin vs placebo Adverse effect: fatigue · drug‐resistant focal epilepsy Pregabalin add‐on for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.35 [0.94, 1.93] | 8 studies · 2448 participants | Low |
Care delivery and self‐management strategies vs usual care Number of seizures at 12 months · children/adolescents with epilepsy and/or their parents Care delivery and self‐management strategies for children with epilepsy (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 167 participants | Moderate |
Care delivery and self‐management strategies vs usual care Seizure severity (frequency and duration of seizures) at 3 months · children/adolescents with epilepsy and/or their parents Care delivery and self‐management strategies for children with epilepsy (2022) · Cochrane | OR 1.78 [0.98, 3.26] | 1 study · 214 participants | Low |
Care delivery and self‐management strategies vs usual care Seizure control rate at 12 months · children/adolescents with epilepsy and/or their parents Care delivery and self‐management strategies for children with epilepsy (2022) · Cochrane | OR 2.57 [1.01, 6.53] | 1 study · 120 participants | Low |
Care delivery and self‐management strategies vs usual care Seizure cure rate at 12 months · children/adolescents with epilepsy and/or their parents Care delivery and self‐management strategies for children with epilepsy (2022) · Cochrane | OR 2.25 [1.08, 4.68] | 1 study · 120 participants | Low |
Care delivery and self‐management strategies vs usual care Drug adherence (MMAS‐8) at 3 months · children/adolescents with epilepsy and/or their parents Care delivery and self‐management strategies for children with epilepsy (2022) · Cochrane | OR 3.96 [2.03, 7.76] | 2 studies · 274 participants | Moderate |
Care delivery and self‐management strategies vs usual care Epilepsy Knowledge Test for Children (EKTC) at 3 months · children/adolescents with epilepsy and/or their parents Care delivery and self‐management strategies for children with epilepsy (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 92 participants | Moderate |
Care delivery and self‐management strategies vs usual care Seizure Self‐Efficacy Scale for Children (SSES‐C) at 3 months  · children/adolescents with epilepsy and/or their parents Care delivery and self‐management strategies for children with epilepsy (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 168 participants | Low |
Care delivery and self‐management strategies vs usual care Self‐perception of epilepsy on quality of life (PedsQL) at 3 months · children/adolescents with epilepsy and/or their parents Care delivery and self‐management strategies for children with epilepsy (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 76 participants | Low |
Add‐on felbamate vs placebo 50% or greater reduction in seizure frequency · people with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy Felbamate add‐on therapy for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 83 participants | Very low |
Add‐on felbamate vs placebo Absolute or percentage reduction in seizure frequency · people with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy Felbamate add‐on therapy for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 172 participants | Very low |
Add‐on felbamate vs placebo Treatment withdrawal · people with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy Felbamate add‐on therapy for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 236 participants | Very low |
Add‐on felbamate vs placebo Adverse effects · people with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy Felbamate add‐on therapy for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 236 participants | Very low |
Add‐on felbamate vs placebo Quality of life · people with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy Felbamate add‐on therapy for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 64 participants | Very low |
Add‐on stiripentol vs add‐on placebo ≥ 50% reduction in seizure frequency · people with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy Stiripentol add‐on therapy for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.51 [0.81, 2.82] | 1 study · 32 participants | Low |
Add‐on stiripentol vs add‐on placebo Seizure freedom · people with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy Stiripentol add‐on therapy for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy (2022) · Cochrane | RR 1.18 [0.31, 4.43] | 1 study · 32 participants | Low |
Add‐on stiripentol vs add‐on placebo ≥ 1 adverse effects · people with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy Stiripentol add‐on therapy for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy (2022) · Cochrane | RR 2.65 [1.08, 6.47] | 1 study · 32 participants | Low |
Add‐on stiripentol vs add‐on placebo Neurological adverse effects · people with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy Stiripentol add‐on therapy for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy (2022) · Cochrane | RR 2.65 [0.88, 8.01] | 1 study · 32 participants | Low |
Add‐on stiripentol vs add‐on placebo Gastrointestinal adverse effects · people with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy Stiripentol add‐on therapy for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 32 participants | Ungraded |
Add‐on stiripentol vs add‐on placebo Dropouts · people with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy Stiripentol add‐on therapy for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy (2022) · Cochrane | RR 0.66 [0.3, 1.47] | 1 study · 32 participants | Low |
Add‐on stiripentol vs add‐on placebo Quality of life · people with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy Stiripentol add‐on therapy for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Any reason · adults and children with focal seizures Antiepileptic drug monotherapy for epilepsy: a network meta‐analysis of individual participant data (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 520 participants | High |
Intervention NR Comparison (reference treatment) · adults and children with focal seizures Antiepileptic drug monotherapy for epilepsy: a network meta‐analysis of individual participant data (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Carbamazepine · adults and children with focal seizures Antiepileptic drug monotherapy for epilepsy: a network meta‐analysis of individual participant data (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 525 participants | High |
Intervention NR Comparison (reference treatment) · adults and children with focal seizures Antiepileptic drug monotherapy for epilepsy: a network meta‐analysis of individual participant data (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Lamotrigine · adults and children with focal seizures Antiepileptic drug monotherapy for epilepsy: a network meta‐analysis of individual participant data (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 907 participants | High |
Intervention NR Comparison (reference treatment) · adults and children with generalised seizures* Antiepileptic drug monotherapy for epilepsy: a network meta‐analysis of individual participant data (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Sodium valproate · adults and children with generalised seizures* Antiepileptic drug monotherapy for epilepsy: a network meta‐analysis of individual participant data (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 412 participants | High |
Intervention NR Adverse events · adults and children with focal seizures Antiepileptic drug monotherapy for epilepsy: a network meta‐analysis of individual participant data (2022) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 520 participants | High |