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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,049 questions in 79 reviews · Dementia and Cognitive Improvement
current versionsNo studies 240 · 22.9%Ungraded 31 · 3%Very low 216 · 20.6%Low 253 · 24.1%Moderate 238 · 22.7%High 71 · 6.8%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Summary of findings table ‐ Organisational intervention vs usual care Residents with at least one belt · older people in all long‐term care settings Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints for older people in all long‐term… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 0.54 [0.4, 0.73] | 3 studies · 12711 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Organisational intervention vs usual care Serious adverse events related to the use of physical restraints · older people in all long‐term care settings Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints for older people in all long‐term… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 8841 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Organisational intervention vs usual care Duration of physical restraint use · older people in all long‐term care settings Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints for older people in all long‐term… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 228 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Organisational intervention vs usual care Residents with at least one fall · older people in all long‐term care settings Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints for older people in all long‐term… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.02 [0.86, 1.2] | 4 studies · 17954 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Organisational intervention vs usual care Residents with at least one fall‐related fracture · older people in all long‐term care settings Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints for older people in all long‐term… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1.05 [0.76, 1.45] | 4 studies · 17954 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Organisational intervention vs usual care Residents with at least one psychotropic medication · older people in all long‐term care settings Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints for older people in all long‐term… (2023) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.95, 1.06] | 2 studies · 3452 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Simple educational intervention vs usual care Residents with at least one physical restraint · older people in all long‐term care settings Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints for older people in all long‐term… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 1483 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Simple educational intervention vs usual care Serious adverse events ‐ not measured · older people in all long‐term care settings Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints for older people in all long‐term… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Psychosocial interventions intended primarily to reduce antipsychotic use vs usual care or optimised usual care Number of participants receiving a regular prescription of antipsychotic medication · care home residents Psychosocial interventions for reducing antipsychotic medication in care home residents (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 5 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Psychosocial interventions intended primarily to reduce antipsychotic use vs usual care or optimised usual care Adverse events · care home residents Psychosocial interventions for reducing antipsychotic medication in care home residents (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 3 participants | High |
Summary of findings table ‐ Psychosocial interventions intended primarily to reduce antipsychotic use vs usual care or optimised usual care Behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) · care home residents Psychosocial interventions for reducing antipsychotic medication in care home residents (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 7982 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Psychosocial interventions intended primarily to reduce antipsychotic use vs usual care or optimised usual care Quality of life · care home residents Psychosocial interventions for reducing antipsychotic medication in care home residents (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 2 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Psychosocial interventions intended primarily to reduce antipsychotic use vs usual care or optimised usual care Prescribing of regular psychotropic medication · care home residents Psychosocial interventions for reducing antipsychotic medication in care home residents (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 2 participants | Low |
Personally tailored activities vs usual care or non‐personalised activities Agitation ( · people with dementia Personally tailored activities for improving psychosocial outcomes for people with dementia in long‐term care (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 485 participants | Low |
Personally tailored activities vs usual care or non‐personalised activities Quality of life (self‐rating by the participants; · people with dementia Personally tailored activities for improving psychosocial outcomes for people with dementia in long‐term care (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 42 participants | Low |
Personally tailored activities vs usual care or non‐personalised activities Quality of life (proxy‐rating; · people with dementia Personally tailored activities for improving psychosocial outcomes for people with dementia in long‐term care (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 177 participants | Low |
Personally tailored activities vs usual care or non‐personalised activities Adverse events; · people with dementia Personally tailored activities for improving psychosocial outcomes for people with dementia in long‐term care (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 188 participants | Ungraded |
Personally tailored activities vs usual care or non‐personalised activities Positive affect ( · people with dementia Personally tailored activities for improving psychosocial outcomes for people with dementia in long‐term care (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 498 participants | Very low |
Personally tailored activities vs usual care or non‐personalised activities Negative affect ( · people with dementia Personally tailored activities for improving psychosocial outcomes for people with dementia in long‐term care (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 632 participants | Moderate |
Personally tailored activities vs usual care or non‐personalised activities Mood ( · people with dementia Personally tailored activities for improving psychosocial outcomes for people with dementia in long‐term care (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 265 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ DMT vs waiting list Neuropsychiatric symptoms · dementia or mild neurocognitive disorder Dance movement therapy for dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 137 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ DMT vs exercise Dropouts · dementia or mild neurocognitive disorder Dance movement therapy for dementia (2023) · Cochrane | OR 0.31 [0.03, 3.09] | 1 study · 136 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ DMT vs waiting list Cognitive outcome · dementia or mild neurocognitive disorder Dance movement therapy for dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 137 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ DMT vs waiting list Depression · dementia or mild neurocognitive disorder Dance movement therapy for dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 137 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ DMT vs waiting list Social and occupational functioning · dementia or mild neurocognitive disorder Dance movement therapy for dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 137 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ DMT vs waiting list Dropout · dementia or mild neurocognitive disorder Dance movement therapy for dementia (2023) · Cochrane | OR 0.15 [0.02, 1.3] | 1 study · 137 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ DMT vs exercise Neuropsychiatric symptoms · dementia or mild neurocognitive disorder Dance movement therapy for dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 136 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ DMT vs exercise Cognitive functioning · dementia or mild neurocognitive disorder Dance movement therapy for dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 136 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ DMT vs exercise Depression · dementia or mild neurocognitive disorder Dance movement therapy for dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 136 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ DMT vs exercise Social and occupational functioning · dementia or mild neurocognitive disorder Dance movement therapy for dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 136 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Light therapy vs usual care Total nocturnal sleep time (minutes) · sleep disturbances in people with dementia Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people with dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 82 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Physical activities vs usual care Sleep efficiency · sleep disturbances in people with dementia Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people with dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 167 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Physical activities vs usual care Total wake time at night (minutes) · sleep disturbances in people with dementia Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people with dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 65 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Physical activities vs usual care Number of nocturnal awakenings · sleep disturbances in people with dementia Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people with dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 65 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Physical activities vs usual care Sleep onset latency · sleep disturbances in people with dementia Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people with dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 1 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Physical activities vs usual care Adverse events · sleep disturbances in people with dementia Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people with dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 167 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Social activities vs usual care Total nocturnal sleep time (minutes) · sleep disturbances in people with dementia Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people with dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 236 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Social activities vs usual care Consolidated sleep ‐ not measured · sleep disturbances in people with dementia Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people with dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Social activities vs usual care Sleep efficiency · sleep disturbances in people with dementia Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people with dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 236 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Social activities vs usual care Total wake time at night (minutes) ‐ not reported · sleep disturbances in people with dementia Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people with dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Social activities vs usual care Number of nocturnal awakenings ‐ not reported · sleep disturbances in people with dementia Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people with dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Light therapy vs usual care Consolidated sleep ‐ not measured · sleep disturbances in people with dementia Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people with dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Social activities vs usual care Sleep onset latency ‐ not reported · sleep disturbances in people with dementia Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people with dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Social activities vs usual care Adverse events · sleep disturbances in people with dementia Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people with dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 236 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Carer interventions vs usual care Total nocturnal sleep time (minutes) · sleep disturbances in people with dementia Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people with dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 33 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Carer interventions vs usual care Consolidated sleep ‐ not measured · sleep disturbances in people with dementia Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people with dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Carer interventions vs usual care Sleep efficiency · sleep disturbances in people with dementia Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people with dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 33 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Carer interventions vs usual care Total wake time at night (minutes) · sleep disturbances in people with dementia Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people with dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 33 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Carer interventions vs usual care Number of nocturnal awakenings ‐ not reported · sleep disturbances in people with dementia Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people with dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Carer interventions vs usual care Sleep onset latency ‐ not reported · sleep disturbances in people with dementia Non‐pharmacological interventions for sleep disturbances in people with dementia (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |