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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,280 questions in 114 reviews · Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders
current versionsNo studies 856 · 37.5%Ungraded 58 · 2.5%Very low 550 · 24.1%Low 502 · 22%Moderate 271 · 11.9%High 43 · 1.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
L‐arginine vs placebo Severity of pain (assessed using a 10‐cm visual analogue scale from 0 to 10; lower score is better) · sickle cell disease Antioxidant supplementation for sickle cell disease (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 125 participants | Low |
L‐arginine vs placebo QoL of participants living with SCD and their caregivers · sickle cell disease Antioxidant supplementation for sickle cell disease (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
L‐arginine vs placebo Adverse effects · sickle cell disease Antioxidant supplementation for sickle cell disease (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 125 participants | Ungraded |
L‐arginine vs placebo Frequency of hospitalization (number of days in hospital) · sickle cell disease Antioxidant supplementation for sickle cell disease (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 125 participants | Very low |
L‐arginine vs placebo Frequency of sickle cell‐related complications · sickle cell disease Antioxidant supplementation for sickle cell disease (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
L‐arginine vs placebo Haemoglobin status (g/dL) · sickle cell disease Antioxidant supplementation for sickle cell disease (2024) · Cochrane | MD 0.4 | 2 studies · 106 participants | Low |
Omega‐3 vs placebo Frequency of crisis · sickle cell disease Antioxidant supplementation for sickle cell disease (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vitamin C 1400 mg plus vitamin E 800 mg vs placebo QoL of participants living with SCD and their caregivers · adults with sickle cell disease (adults with homozygous SCA or sickle beta 0 thalassaemia SCD) Antioxidant supplementation for sickle cell disease (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Omega‐3 vs placebo Severity of pain · sickle cell disease Antioxidant supplementation for sickle cell disease (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Omega‐3 vs placebo QoL of participants living with SCD and their caregivers · sickle cell disease Antioxidant supplementation for sickle cell disease (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Omega‐3 vs placebo Adverse effects (any adverse effect) · sickle cell disease Antioxidant supplementation for sickle cell disease (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.05 [0.74, 1.48] | 1 study · 67 participants | Very low |
Omega‐3 vs placebo Frequency of hospitalization · sickle cell disease Antioxidant supplementation for sickle cell disease (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Omega‐3 vs placebo Frequency of sickle cell‐related complications · sickle cell disease Antioxidant supplementation for sickle cell disease (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Omega‐3 vs placebo Haemoglobin status · sickle cell disease Antioxidant supplementation for sickle cell disease (2024) · Cochrane | MD 0.36 | 1 study · 67 participants | Very low |
Vitamin C 1400 mg plus vitamin E 800 mg vs placebo Adverse effects · adults with sickle cell disease (adults with homozygous SCA or sickle beta 0 thalassaemia SCD) Antioxidant supplementation for sickle cell disease (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.56 [0.31, 1] | 1 study · 83 participants | Very low |
Vitamin C 1400 mg plus vitamin E 800 mg vs placebo Frequency of hospitalization · adults with sickle cell disease (adults with homozygous SCA or sickle beta 0 thalassaemia SCD) Antioxidant supplementation for sickle cell disease (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Vitamin C 1400 mg plus vitamin E 800 mg vs placebo Frequency of sickle cell‐related complications: acute chest syndrome · adults with sickle cell disease (adults with homozygous SCA or sickle beta 0 thalassaemia SCD) Antioxidant supplementation for sickle cell disease (2024) · Cochrane | RR 2.66 | 1 study · 83 participants | Very low |
Vitamin C 1400 mg plus vitamin E 800 mg vs placebo Haemoglobin status (g/L) · adults with sickle cell disease (adults with homozygous SCA or sickle beta 0 thalassaemia SCD) Antioxidant supplementation for sickle cell disease (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 83 participants | Very low |
Zinc vs placebo Frequency of crisis · children and adults with sickle cell disease Antioxidant supplementation for sickle cell disease (2024) · Cochrane | Rate ratio 0.62 [0.17, 2.29] | 1 study · 36 participants | Low |
Zinc vs placebo Severity of pain · children and adults with sickle cell disease Antioxidant supplementation for sickle cell disease (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Emicizumab prophylaxis vs on‐demand therapy Annualized Bleeding Rate (ABR) ‐ All treated bleeds · people with inhibitors Non‐clotting factor therapies for preventing bleeds in people with congenital hemophilia A or B (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 53 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Fitusiran prophylaxis vs on‐demand therapy Annualized joint Bleeding Rate (AjBR) · people with inhibitors Non‐clotting factor therapies for preventing bleeds in people with congenital hemophilia A or B (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 57 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Fitusiran prophylaxis vs on‐demand therapy Change from baseline in total health score, Haem‐A‐QoLScale from: 0 (better) to 100 · people with inhibitors Non‐clotting factor therapies for preventing bleeds in people with congenital hemophilia A or B (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 48 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Fitusiran prophylaxis vs on‐demand therapy Proportion with zero bleeds · people with inhibitors Non‐clotting factor therapies for preventing bleeds in people with congenital hemophilia A or B (2024) · Cochrane | RR 12.5 [1.83, 85.38] | 1 study · 57 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Fitusiran prophylaxis vs on‐demand therapy All adverse events · people with inhibitors Non‐clotting factor therapies for preventing bleeds in people with congenital hemophilia A or B (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.6 [1.08, 2.37] | 1 study · 60 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Fitusiran prophylaxis vs on‐demand therapy Serious adverse events · people with inhibitors Non‐clotting factor therapies for preventing bleeds in people with congenital hemophilia A or B (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.65 [0.24, 1.78] | 1 study · 60 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Concizumab prophylaxis vs on‐demand therapy Annualized Bleeding Rate (ABR), All bleeds · people with inhibitors Non‐clotting factor therapies for preventing bleeds in people with congenital hemophilia A or B (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 68 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Concizumab prophylaxis vs on‐demand therapy Annualized spontaneous Bleeding Rate (AsBR) · people with inhibitors Non‐clotting factor therapies for preventing bleeds in people with congenital hemophilia A or B (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 78 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Concizumab prophylaxis vs on‐demand therapy Annualized joint Bleeding Rate (AjBR) · people with inhibitors Non‐clotting factor therapies for preventing bleeds in people with congenital hemophilia A or B (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 78 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Concizumab prophylaxis vs on‐demand therapy Proportion with zero bleeds · people with inhibitors Non‐clotting factor therapies for preventing bleeds in people with congenital hemophilia A or B (2024) · Cochrane | RR 6.05 [1.59, 23] | 1 study · 52 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Concizumab prophylaxis vs on‐demand therapy Change from baseline in SF‐36v2 ‐ mental component scoreScale from: 0 to 100 (better) · people with inhibitors Non‐clotting factor therapies for preventing bleeds in people with congenital hemophilia A or B (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 26 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Emicizumab prophylaxis vs on‐demand therapy Annualized spontaneous Bleeding Rate (AsBR) · people with inhibitors Non‐clotting factor therapies for preventing bleeds in people with congenital hemophilia A or B (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 53 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Concizumab prophylaxis vs on‐demand therapy Adverse events ‐ All adverse events · people with inhibitors Non‐clotting factor therapies for preventing bleeds in people with congenital hemophilia A or B (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.14 [0.76, 1.7] | 2 studies · 78 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Concizumab prophylaxis vs on‐demand therapy Adverse events ‐ Serious adverse events · people with inhibitors Non‐clotting factor therapies for preventing bleeds in people with congenital hemophilia A or B (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.45 [0.06, 3.38] | 2 studies · 78 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Emicuzimab 1.5 mg/kg weekly prophylaxis vs on‐demand therapy Annualized Bleeding Rate (ABR) ‐ All treated bleeds · people without inhibitors Non‐clotting factor therapies for preventing bleeds in people with congenital hemophilia A or B (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 54 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Emicuzimab 1.5 mg/kg weekly prophylaxis vs on‐demand therapy Annualized joint Bleeding Rate (AjBR) · people without inhibitors Non‐clotting factor therapies for preventing bleeds in people with congenital hemophilia A or B (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 54 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Emicuzimab 1.5 mg/kg weekly prophylaxis vs on‐demand therapy Annualized spontaneous Bleeding Rate (AsBR) · people without inhibitors Non‐clotting factor therapies for preventing bleeds in people with congenital hemophilia A or B (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 54 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Emicuzimab 1.5 mg/kg weekly prophylaxis vs on‐demand therapy Proportion of participants with zero bleeds · people without inhibitors Non‐clotting factor therapies for preventing bleeds in people with congenital hemophilia A or B (2024) · Cochrane | RR 19 [1.21, 298.4] | 1 study · 54 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Emicuzimab 1.5 mg/kg weekly prophylaxis vs on‐demand therapy Change in Haem‐A‐QoL total score Scale from: 0 (better) to 100 · people without inhibitors Non‐clotting factor therapies for preventing bleeds in people with congenital hemophilia A or B (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 47 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Emicuzimab 1.5 mg/kg weekly prophylaxis vs on‐demand therapy All adverse events · people without inhibitors Non‐clotting factor therapies for preventing bleeds in people with congenital hemophilia A or B (2024) · Cochrane | RR 2.83 [1.47, 5.47] | 1 study · 54 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Emicuzimab 1.5 mg/kg weekly prophylaxis vs on‐demand therapy Serious adverse events · people without inhibitors Non‐clotting factor therapies for preventing bleeds in people with congenital hemophilia A or B (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.5 [0.03, 7.54] | 1 study · 54 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Emicuzimab 3.0 mg/kg bi‐weekly prophylaxis vs on‐demand therapy Annualized Bleeding Rate (ABR) ‐ All treated bleeds · people without inhibitors Non‐clotting factor therapies for preventing bleeds in people with congenital hemophilia A or B (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 53 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Emicizumab prophylaxis vs on‐demand therapy Annualized joint Bleeding Rate (AjBR) · people with inhibitors Non‐clotting factor therapies for preventing bleeds in people with congenital hemophilia A or B (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 53 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Emicuzimab 3.0 mg/kg bi‐weekly prophylaxis vs on‐demand therapy Annualized joint Bleeding Rate (AjBR) · people without inhibitors Non‐clotting factor therapies for preventing bleeds in people with congenital hemophilia A or B (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 53 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Emicuzimab 3.0 mg/kg bi‐weekly prophylaxis vs on‐demand therapy Annualized spontaneous Bleeding Rate (AsBR) · people without inhibitors Non‐clotting factor therapies for preventing bleeds in people with congenital hemophilia A or B (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 53 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Emicuzimab 3.0 mg/kg bi‐weekly prophylaxis vs on‐demand therapy Proportion of participants with zero bleeds · people without inhibitors Non‐clotting factor therapies for preventing bleeds in people with congenital hemophilia A or B (2024) · Cochrane | RR 15.31 [0.96, 242.76] | 1 study · 53 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Emicuzimab 3.0 mg/kg bi‐weekly prophylaxis vs on‐demand therapy Change in total score, Haem‐A‐QoLScale from: 0 (better) to 100 · people without inhibitors Non‐clotting factor therapies for preventing bleeds in people with congenital hemophilia A or B (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 53 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Emicuzimab 3.0 mg/kg bi‐weekly prophylaxis vs on‐demand therapy All adverse events · people without inhibitors Non‐clotting factor therapies for preventing bleeds in people with congenital hemophilia A or B (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.71 [1.06, 2.77] | 1 study · 53 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Emicuzimab 3.0 mg/kg bi‐weekly prophylaxis vs on‐demand therapy Serious adverse events · people without inhibitors Non‐clotting factor therapies for preventing bleeds in people with congenital hemophilia A or B (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.54 [0.17, 13.79] | 1 study · 53 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Emicizumab 1.5 mg/kg once weekly vs emicizumab 3.0 mg/kg every 2 weeks Annualized Bleeding Rate (ABR) ‐ All treated bleeds · people without inhibitors Non‐clotting factor therapies for preventing bleeds in people with congenital hemophilia A or B (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 71 participants | Moderate |