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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
2,325 questions in 216 reviews · Airways
current versionsNo studies 249 · 10.7%Ungraded 107 · 4.6%Very low 276 · 11.9%Low 751 · 32.3%Moderate 718 · 30.9%High 224 · 9.6%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Methylxanthine derivatives vs inactive control cAHI · adults with central sleep apnoea associated with heart failure in adults Pharmacological treatment for central sleep apnoea in adults (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 15 participants | Very low |
Methylxanthine derivatives vs inactive control Cardiovascular mortality · adults with central sleep apnoea associated with heart failure in adults Pharmacological treatment for central sleep apnoea in adults (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Methylxanthine derivatives vs inactive control Serious adverse events · adults with central sleep apnoea associated with heart failure in adults Pharmacological treatment for central sleep apnoea in adults (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Methylxanthine derivatives vs inactive control Quality of sleep · adults with central sleep apnoea associated with heart failure in adults Pharmacological treatment for central sleep apnoea in adults (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors vs inactive control Cardiovascular mortality · adults with central sleep apnoea associated with heart failure Pharmacological treatment for central sleep apnoea in adults (2023) · Cochrane | OR 0.21 [0.02, 2.48] | 1 study · 18 participants | Very low |
Methylxanthine derivatives vs inactive control Quality of life · adults with central sleep apnoea associated with heart failure in adults Pharmacological treatment for central sleep apnoea in adults (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Methylxanthine derivatives vs inactive control AHI · adults with central sleep apnoea associated with heart failure in adults Pharmacological treatment for central sleep apnoea in adults (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 15 participants | Very low |
Methylxanthine derivatives vs inactive control All‐cause mortality · adults with central sleep apnoea associated with heart failure in adults Pharmacological treatment for central sleep apnoea in adults (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Hypnotics vs inactive control cAHI · adults with primary central sleep apnoea Pharmacological treatment for central sleep apnoea in adults (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 5 participants | Ungraded |
Hypnotics vs inactive control Cardiovascular mortality · adults with primary central sleep apnoea Pharmacological treatment for central sleep apnoea in adults (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Hypnotics vs inactive control Serious adverse events · adults with primary central sleep apnoea Pharmacological treatment for central sleep apnoea in adults (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Hypnotics vs inactive control Quality of sleep · adults with primary central sleep apnoea Pharmacological treatment for central sleep apnoea in adults (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Hypnotics vs inactive control Quality of life · adults with primary central sleep apnoea Pharmacological treatment for central sleep apnoea in adults (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Hypnotics vs inactive control AHI · adults with primary central sleep apnoea Pharmacological treatment for central sleep apnoea in adults (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 5 participants | Ungraded |
Hypnotics vs inactive control All‐cause mortality · adults with primary central sleep apnoea Pharmacological treatment for central sleep apnoea in adults (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors vs inactive control Serious adverse events · adults with central sleep apnoea associated with heart failure Pharmacological treatment for central sleep apnoea in adults (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors vs inactive control Quality of sleep · adults with central sleep apnoea associated with heart failure Pharmacological treatment for central sleep apnoea in adults (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors vs inactive control Quality of life · adults with central sleep apnoea associated with heart failure Pharmacological treatment for central sleep apnoea in adults (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors vs inactive control AHI · adults with central sleep apnoea associated with heart failure Pharmacological treatment for central sleep apnoea in adults (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 12 participants | Very low |
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors vs inactive control AHI · adults with central sleep apnoea associated with heart failure Pharmacological treatment for central sleep apnoea in adults (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 18 participants | Very low |
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors vs inactive control All‐cause mortality · adults with central sleep apnoea associated with heart failure Pharmacological treatment for central sleep apnoea in adults (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Anxiolytics vs inactive control cAHI · adults with central sleep apnoea associated with heart failure Pharmacological treatment for central sleep apnoea in adults (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 16 participants | Ungraded |
Pulmonary rehabilitation plus inspiratory muscle training vs pulmonary rehabilitation alone Dyspnea · people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Inspiratory muscle training, with or without concomitant pulmonary rehabilitation, for chronic obstructive… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 202 participants | Moderate |
Inspiratory muscle training vs control or sham Functional exercise capacity · people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Inspiratory muscle training, with or without concomitant pulmonary rehabilitation, for chronic obstructive… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 16 studies · 501 participants | Moderate |
Inspiratory muscle training vs control or sham Health‐related quality of life · people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Inspiratory muscle training, with or without concomitant pulmonary rehabilitation, for chronic obstructive… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 182 participants | Very low |
Inspiratory muscle training vs control or sham Health‐related quality of life · people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Inspiratory muscle training, with or without concomitant pulmonary rehabilitation, for chronic obstructive… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 86 participants | Moderate |
Inspiratory muscle training vs control or sham Inspiratory muscle strength · people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Inspiratory muscle training, with or without concomitant pulmonary rehabilitation, for chronic obstructive… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 32 studies · 916 participants | Low |
Pulmonary rehabilitation plus inspiratory muscle training vs pulmonary rehabilitation alone Dyspnea · people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Inspiratory muscle training, with or without concomitant pulmonary rehabilitation, for chronic obstructive… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 204 participants | Very low |
Pulmonary rehabilitation plus inspiratory muscle training vs pulmonary rehabilitation alone Functional exercise capacity · people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Inspiratory muscle training, with or without concomitant pulmonary rehabilitation, for chronic obstructive… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 12 studies · 1199 participants | Very low |
Pulmonary rehabilitation plus inspiratory muscle training vs pulmonary rehabilitation alone Health‐related quality of life · people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Inspiratory muscle training, with or without concomitant pulmonary rehabilitation, for chronic obstructive… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 908 participants | Low |
Pulmonary rehabilitation plus inspiratory muscle training vs pulmonary rehabilitation alone Health‐related quality of life · people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Inspiratory muscle training, with or without concomitant pulmonary rehabilitation, for chronic obstructive… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 657 participants | Very low |
Pulmonary rehabilitation plus inspiratory muscle training vs pulmonary rehabilitation alone Inspiratory muscle strength · people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Inspiratory muscle training, with or without concomitant pulmonary rehabilitation, for chronic obstructive… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 17 studies · 1329 participants | Moderate |
Inspiratory muscle training vs control or sham Dyspnea · people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Inspiratory muscle training, with or without concomitant pulmonary rehabilitation, for chronic obstructive… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 144 participants | Very low |
Inspiratory muscle training vs control or sham Dyspnea · people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Inspiratory muscle training, with or without concomitant pulmonary rehabilitation, for chronic obstructive… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 238 participants | Very low |
Inspiratory muscle training vs control or sham Dyspnea · people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Inspiratory muscle training, with or without concomitant pulmonary rehabilitation, for chronic obstructive… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 150 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Total studies: 17 RCTs Total participants: 22,819 · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, LD‐ICS/LABA,… Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 17 studies · 22819 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR LD‐ICS/LABA (Direct evidence; 0 RCTs; 0 participants) · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, LD‐ICS/LABA,… Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Low |
Intervention NR MD‐ICS/LAMA (Direct evidence; 2 RCTs; 679 participants) · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, LD‐ICS/LABA,… Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 679 participants | Low |
Intervention NR MD‐ICS/LABA (Direct evidence; 12 RCTs; 7569 participants) · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, LD‐ICS/LABA,… Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 12 studies · 7569 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR HD‐ICS/LABA (Direct evidence; 2 RCTs; 1759 participants) · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, LD‐ICS/LABA,… Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 1759 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR MD‐ICS · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, LD‐ICS/LABA,… Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Total studies: 4 RCTs Total participants: 5681 · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, MD‐ICS/LABA,… Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 5681 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR HD‐ICS (Direct evidence; 2 RCTs; 1005 participants) · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, MD‐ICS/LABA,… Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 1005 participants | High |
Intervention NR MD‐ICS/LABA (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 774 participants) · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, MD‐ICS/LABA,… Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 774 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR HD‐ICS/LABA (Direct evidence; 2 RCTs; 2863 participants) · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, MD‐ICS/LABA,… Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 2863 participants | High |
Intervention NR MD‐ICS · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, MD‐ICS/LABA,… Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR HD‐ICS (Direct evidence; 4 RCTs; 3003 participants) · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, LD‐ICS/LABA,… Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 3003 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Total studies: 6 RCTs Total participants: 4276 · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, LD‐ICS/LABA,… Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 4276 participants | Ungraded |
Intervention NR HD‐ICS (Direct evidence; 0 RCTs; 0 participants) · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, LD‐ICS/LABA,… Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR LD‐ICS/LABA (Direct evidence; 3 RCTs; 1719 participants) · adolescents and adults with uncontrolled asthma, despite being on medium‐dose ICS Interventions: HD‐ICS, LD‐ICS/LABA,… Addition of long‐acting beta2 agonists or long‐acting muscarinic antagonists versus doubling the dose of… (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 1719 participants | High |