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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

58 questions · 58 findings · 5 reviews · Oral medicine and oral cancer

No studies found 5 · 8.6%GRADE not reported 40 · 69%Very low 13 · 22.4%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%

Polaprezinc vs Azulene oral rinse

Taste disturbance (severe, > 2 on 0-3 scale) · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region

Polaprezinc led to lower taste disturbance (severe, > 2 on 0-3 scale) compared with azulene oral rinse; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Polaprezinc vs Azulene oral rinse

Oral pain · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region

Polaprezinc led to lower oral pain (severe, > 2 on 0-3 scale) compared with azulene oral rinse; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Polaprezinc vs Azulene oral rinse

Disability of oral intake · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region

Polaprezinc showed no clear difference in disability of oral intake compared with azulene oral rinse; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Dual zinc + arginine dentifrice vs Control (regular fluoride) dentifrice

Dentist-reported organoleptic test (OLT) score (scale 0 to 5) · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…

It is very uncertain whether dual zinc + arginine dentifrice changes dentist-reported OLT hedonic rating (scale 1 to 9) compared with control (regular fluoride) dentifrice (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chlorine dioxide + zinc mouthwash vs Placebo mouthwash

Dentist-reported organoleptic test (OLT) score (scale 0 to 5) · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…

It is very uncertain whether chlorine dioxide + zinc mouthwash changes dentist-reported organoleptic test (OLT) score (scale 0 to 5) compared with placebo mouthwash (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chlorine dioxide + zinc mouthwash vs Placebo mouthwash

Volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), halimeter · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…

Chlorine dioxide + zinc mouthwash led to lower volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), halimeter compared with placebo mouthwash; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Chlorhexidine + zinc acetate mouthwash vs Placebo mouthwash

Adverse events · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
    mean 3 months
    Adverse events: listed in the Summary of findings table but no data reported. No data were reported for adverse events.
    0 studies
    No studies found

Chlorhexidine + zinc acetate mouthwash vs Placebo mouthwash

Patient-reported OLT score · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
    mean 3 months
    Patient-reported OLT score: listed in the Summary of findings table but no data reported. No data were reported for patient-reported OLT score.
    0 studies
    No studies found

Chlorhexidine + zinc acetate mouthwash vs Placebo mouthwash

Dentist-reported organoleptic test (OLT) score (scale 0 to 5) · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…

It is very uncertain whether chlorhexidine + zinc acetate mouthwash changes dentist-reported organoleptic test (OLT) score (scale 0 to 5) compared with placebo mouthwash (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Zinc chloride + sodium fluoride dentifrice vs Sodium fluoride (control) toothpaste

Volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), gas chromatography · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…
1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Payne 2011 (cross-over RCT) compared ZnCl + NaF dentifrice versus control NaF dentifrice; VSC by gas chromatography. The trial reported the adjusted mean VSC scores in a graph and hence we could not use the data in the…
    1 study
    GRADE not reported

Chlorine dioxide + zinc mouthwash vs placebo

Volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), halimeter · Adults over 18 years with a clinical or self-assessed diagnosis of halitosis, without significant comorbidity (e.g. diabetes) or…
1 finding from 1 review
  • Mouthrinses for the treatment of halitosis 2008 · Cochrane All outcomes
    4 weeks
    Borden 2002: mean change in halimeter-assessed VSC (ppb). Oxygene: -47.63 at 2 weeks (64.97% reduction), -53.28 at 4 weeks (72.67% reduction); Placebo: -39.86 at 2 weeks, -36.77 at 4 weeks (41.75%). No between-group…
    1 study
    GRADE not reported