What do systematic reviews say?

Mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) vs other treatments

• Mindfulness‐based interventions for substance use disorders 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 286 participants
  Very low
• Mindfulness‐based interventions for substance use disorders 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 286 participants
  Very low

Mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) vs other treatments

• Mindfulness‐based interventions for substance use disorders 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 523 participants
  Low
• Mindfulness‐based interventions for substance use disorders 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 409 participants
  Low

Mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) vs other treatments

• Mindfulness‐based interventions for substance use disorders 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 25 participants
  Very low

Mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) vs other treatments

• Mindfulness‐based interventions for substance use disorders 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  9 studies · 971 participants
  Very low
• Mindfulness‐based interventions for substance use disorders 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 415 participants
  Very low

Mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) vs other treatments

• Mindfulness‐based interventions for substance use disorders 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  14 studies · 1531 participants
  High

Mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) vs no treatment

• Mindfulness‐based interventions for substance use disorders 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 248 participants
  Very low
• Mindfulness‐based interventions for substance use disorders 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 167 participants
  Very low

Mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) vs no treatment

• Mindfulness‐based interventions for substance use disorders 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 221 participants
  Very low

Mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) vs no treatment

• Mindfulness‐based interventions for substance use disorders 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 142 participants
  Very low

Mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) vs no treatment

• Mindfulness‐based interventions for substance use disorders 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 128 participants
  Very low

Mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) vs no treatment

• Mindfulness‐based interventions for substance use disorders 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  21 studies · 1087 participants
  High

Summary of findings for the main comparisons: Agonist pharmacological vs no intervention

Summary of findings for the main comparisons: Agonist pharmacological showed no clear difference in drug use (objective) hair and urine analyses compared with no intervention (low certainty).

• Pharmacological interventions for drug‐using offenders 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.72 [0.51, 1]
  2 studies · 237 participants
  Low
• Pharmacological interventions for drug‐using offenders 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.61 [0.31, 1.18]
  3 studies · 317 participants
  Low
• Pharmacological interventions for drug‐using offenders 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 510 participants
  Low

Summary of findings for the main comparisons: Agonist pharmacological vs no intervention

Summary of findings for the main comparisons: Agonist pharmacological showed no clear difference in criminal activity dichotomous ‐ Arrests official records compared with no intervention (low certainty).

• Pharmacological interventions for drug‐using offenders 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.6 [0.32, 1.14]
  1 study · 62 participants
  Low

Summary of findings for the main comparisons: Agonist pharmacological vs no intervention

Summary of findings for the main comparisons: Agonist pharmacological showed no clear difference in criminal activity dichotomous ‐ Re‐incarceration official records compared with no intervention (low certainty).

• Pharmacological interventions for drug‐using offenders 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.77 [0.36, 1.64]
  3 studies · 472 participants
  Low

Summary of findings for the main comparisons: Agonist pharmacological vs no intervention

• Pharmacological interventions for drug‐using offenders 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 51 participants
  Low

naltrexone vs no pharmacological

Summary of findings for the main comparisons: Antagonost (Naltrexone) probably leads to lower criminal activity dichotomous ‐ Reincarceration official records compared with no pharmacological (moderate certainty).

• Pharmacological interventions for drug‐using offenders 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.4 [0.21, 0.74]
  2 studies · 114 participants
  Moderate

naltrexone vs no pharmacological

Summary of findings for the main comparisons: Antagonost (Naltrexone) showed no clear difference in drug use (objective) urine screen compared with no pharmacological (low certainty).

• Pharmacological interventions for drug‐using offenders 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.69 [0.28, 1.7]
  1 study · 63 participants
  Low

Cognitive behavioural therapy and other therapies vs prison therapeutic community

It is very uncertain whether cognitive behavioural therapy and other therapies changes arrested for any crime at 6 months compared with prison therapeutic community (very low certainty).

• Interventions for female drug‐using offenders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.73 [0.52, 1.03]
  1 study · 314 participants
  Very low

Cognitive behavioural therapy and other therapies vs prison therapeutic community

It is very uncertain whether cognitive behavioural therapy and other therapies changes criminal activity at 6 months compared with prison therapeutic community (very low certainty).

• Interventions for female drug‐using offenders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.8 [0.63, 1.03]
  1 study · 314 participants
  Very low

Cognitive behavioural therapy and other therapies vs prison therapeutic community

It is very uncertain whether cognitive behavioural therapy and other therapies changes drug‐related crime at 6 months compared with prison therapeutic community (very low certainty).

• Interventions for female drug‐using offenders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.95 [0.68, 1.32]
  1 study · 314 participants
  Very low

Cognitive behavioural therapy and other therapies vs prison therapeutic community

It is very uncertain whether cognitive behavioural therapy and other therapies changes arrested (not parole violation) at 6 months compared with prison therapeutic community (very low certainty).

• Interventions for female drug‐using offenders 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.43 [0.25, 0.77]
  1 study · 314 participants
  Very low