What do systematic reviews say?

Living with HIV and undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART/HAART) vs Healthy HIV-negative controls

No significant difference in oral hygiene between CLWH on ART and healthy controls (OR 1.23, 95% CI 0.73 to 2.07; single study).

• Oral Health Status of Children and Adolescents Living with HIV Undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy: A Systematic Review… 2022 All outcomes

  Cross-sectional (case-control; single time point) · HIV pediatric/ART clinics, AIDS centers, and hospitals in Brazil, India, Saudi Arabia, and West Africa (Cote d'Ivoire, Mali, Senegal)
  OR 1.23 [0.73, 2.07]
  1 study · 837 participants
  GRADE not reported

Clear aligners (Invisalign / thermoformed aligners) vs Fixed appliances

A single study reported lower simplified gingival index with aligners versus fixed appliances in adolescents at 1 month (MD -8.46, 95% CI -10.47 to -6.45; ungraded).

• Impact of Aligners and Fixed Appliances on Oral Health during Orthodontic Treatment: A Systematic Review and… 2021 All outcomes

  1 month · Adolescents
  MD -8.46 [-10.47, -6.45]
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Clear aligners (Invisalign / thermoformed aligners) vs Fixed appliances

A single study reported lower simplified plaque index with aligners versus fixed appliances in adolescents at 1 month (MD -14.78, 95% CI -16.74 to -12.82; ungraded).

• Impact of Aligners and Fixed Appliances on Oral Health during Orthodontic Treatment: A Systematic Review and… 2021 All outcomes

  1 month · Adolescents
  MD -14.78 [-16.74, -12.82]
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Complex vs simplified health education

• Improving vaccination uptake among adolescents 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 17411 participants
  Moderate