Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

27 questions · 33 findings · 2 reviews · All outcomes

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No studies found 8 · 24.2%GRADE not reported 10 · 30.3%Very low 3 · 9.1%Low 12 · 36.4%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%

Habit reversal vs waiting list control

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer

Habit reversal treatment led to lower pain intensity compared with waiting-list control; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
Treatment completion
MD -1.31 [-1.97, -0.65]
1 study · 20 participants
GRADE not reported

Education vs usual care

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
Lupton 1968: multi-arm study; education arm versus usual care. No usable pain-reduction data reported and could not be combined in meta-analysis (Table 1).
1 study
GRADE not reported

CBT plus hypnosis (combined package) vs usual care

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer

CBT plus hypnosis (combined package) led to lower pain intensity compared with usual care; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
Treatment completion
MD -2.32 [-3.52, -1.12]
1 study · 59 participants
GRADE not reported

CBT vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

Disability caused by pain at follow-up · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) showed no clear difference in pain disability at treatment completion compared with usual care, waiting list or no treatment (control) (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Psychological therapies for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
Treatment completion
SMD 0.02 [-0.21, 0.24]
3 studies · 315 participants
Low
Psychological therapies for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
Follow-up
SMD 0.01 [-0.61, 0.64]
2 studies · 240 participants
Low

Counselling (non-directive) vs usual care

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
Lupton 1968: multi-arm study; counselling arm versus usual care. No usable pain-reduction data reported and could not be combined in meta-analysis (Table 1).
1 study
GRADE not reported

CBT vs alternative treatment

Adverse events · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
SoF: 3 studies reported minor adverse events in the control group; 1 study reported minor adverse events in psychological therapy group; 1 study reported that there were no adverse events. Results: NCT00066937 minor…
5 studies
Very low

CBT vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

Additional physical symptoms · People aged 12 years and over with painful TMD lasting 3 months or longer

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological therapies for temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes
This outcome was not measured for this comparison.
Studies not reported
No studies found