Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

22 questions · 22 findings · 3 reviews · Acute Respiratory Infections

No studies found 1 · 4.5%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 6 · 27.3%Low 7 · 31.8%Moderate 7 · 31.8%High 1 · 4.5%

Difference in the use of antibiotics · children up to age 18 years

Probiotic probably leads to lower difference in the use of antibiotics compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics for preventing acute otitis media in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.66 [0.51, 0.86]
8 studies · 1768 participants
Moderate

Difference in proportion of children with other infections · children up to age 18 years

Probiotic probably leads to lower difference in proportion of children with other infections compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics for preventing acute otitis media in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.75 [0.65, 0.87]
11 studies · 3610 participants
Moderate