Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

112 questions · 120 findings · 15 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 28 · 23.3%GRADE not reported 6 · 5%Very low 20 · 16.7%Low 45 · 37.5%Moderate 18 · 15%High 3 · 2.5%

Oral calcium vs vitamin C

Frequency of leg cramps after treatment: never · treating leg cramps in pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether oral calcium changes frequency of leg cramps after treatment: never compared with oral vitamin C (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D (higher dose) + micronutrient(s) vs vitamin D (lower dose) + micronutrient(s)

Adverse effect: hypercalciuria As defined by trialists Time frame: 3 months · children under 5 years of age

Vitamin D (higher dose) + micronutrient(s) showed no clear difference in adverse effect: hypercalciuria As defined by trialists Time frame: 3… compared with vitamin D (lower dose) + micronutrient(s) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D (higher dose) + micronutrient(s) vs vitamin D (lower dose) + micronutrient(s)

Hypercalcaemia · children under 5 years of age

Vitamin D (higher dose) + micronutrient(s) showed no clear difference in adverse effect: hypercalcaemia As defined by trialists Time frame:… compared with vitamin D (lower dose) + micronutrient(s) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: oral vitamin E supplementation vs placebo or no treatment

FEV1 % predicted: absolute change from baseline · adults and children with cystic fibrosis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review

Oral nutritional supplements vs placebo

Ulcer healing · people with diabetes and foot ulcers

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review