Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

77 questions · 88 findings · 11 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 18 · 20.5%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 26 · 29.5%Low 30 · 34.1%Moderate 14 · 15.9%High 0 · 0%

Oral misoprostol vs mechanical methods

Uterine hyperstimulation with fetal heart rate changes · women in the third trimester for induction of labour.

Oral misoprostol showed no clear difference in uterine hyperstimulation with fetal heart rate changes compared with mechanical methods (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral misoprostol vs mechanical methods

Uterine hyperstimulation without fetal heart rate changes · women in the third trimester for induction of labour.

It is very uncertain whether oral misoprostol changes uterine hyperstimulation without fetal heart rate changes compared with mechanical methods (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral misoprostol vs placebo/no treatment

Uterine hyperstimulation without fetal heart rate changes · women with ruptured membranes in the third trimester for induction of labour.

It is very uncertain whether oral misoprostol changes uterine hyperstimulation without fetal heart rate changes compared with placebo/no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

NMES vs exercise

Knee pain (short term) VAS scale: 0 to 10; higher score = worse pain. · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 4 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 6 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 8 weeks (1 study); not…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

NMES vs exercise

Knee function (short term) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 4 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 6 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 8 weeks (1 study); not…

It is very uncertain whether neuromuscular electrical stimulation changes knee function (short term) Arpège function scale (0 to 18; higher… compared with exercise (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation + other intervention (e.g. exercise) vs other intervention alone

Knee pain (short term) VAS scale: 0 to 10; higher score = worse pain. · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 4 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 6 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 8 weeks (1 study); not…

It is very uncertain whether neuromuscular electrical stimulation + other intervention (e.g.… changes knee pain (short term) VAS scale: 0 to 10; higher score = worse pain. compared with same other intervention only (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation + other intervention (e.g. exercise) vs other intervention alone

Knee pain (long term) VAS scale: 0 to 10; higher score = worse pain. · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 4 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 6 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 8 weeks (1 study); not…
1 finding from 1 review

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation + other intervention (e.g. exercise) vs other intervention alone

Knee function (short term) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 4 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 6 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 8 weeks (1 study); not…

It is very uncertain whether neuromuscular electrical stimulation + other intervention (e.g.… changes knee function (short term) compared with same other intervention only (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation + other intervention (e.g. exercise) vs other intervention alone

Adverse events ‐ not measured · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 4 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 6 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 8 weeks (1 study); not…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Clomiphene citrate or letrozole with or without gonadotropins (with or without midcycle antagonist) vs gonadotropins (with GnRH agonists or midcycle antagonist)

Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome rate per woman ‐ not reported · for controlled ovarian stimulation

Clomiphene citrate or letrozole with or without gonadotropins (with… may leads to lower ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome per woman compared with gonadotropins (with GnRH agonists or midcycle antagonist) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combined oral contraceptive pill vs no pretreatment

Live birth or ongoing pregnancy · women undergoing assisted reproduction

Combined oral contraceptive pill probably leads to lower live birth or ongoing pregnancy (COCP + Ant vs Ant) compared with no pretreatment (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Combined oral contraceptive pill vs no pretreatment

Pregnancy loss · women undergoing assisted reproduction

Combined oral contraceptive pill showed no clear difference in pregnancy loss (COCP + Ant vs Ant) compared with no pretreatment (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Combined oral contraceptive pill vs no pretreatment

Multiple pregnancy rate · women undergoing assisted reproduction

Combined oral contraceptive pill showed no clear difference in multiple pregnancy rate (COCP + Ant vs Ant) compared with no pretreatment (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Combined oral contraceptive pill vs no pretreatment

OHSS · women undergoing assisted reproduction

Combined oral contraceptive pill showed no clear difference in OHSS rate (COCP + Ant vs Ant) compared with no pretreatment (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Balloon (Foley or ATAD) vs low‐dose oral misoprostol

Uterine hyperstimulation with fetal heart rate changes · third trimester induction of labour in women with a viable fetus

Balloon (Foley or ATAD) showed no clear difference in uterine hyperstimulation with FHR changes compared with low‐dose oral misoprostol (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review