Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

149 questions · 153 findings · 18 reviews

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No studies found 22 · 14.4%GRADE not reported 30 · 19.6%Very low 29 · 19%Low 44 · 28.8%Moderate 27 · 17.6%High 1 · 0.7%

Oral olesoxime vs placebo

Time from beginning of treatment until death or full‐time ventilation · non‐ambulatory children and adolescents with SMA types II and III

1 finding from 1 review

Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 160 participants
Moderate

Oral olesoxime vs placebo

Adverse events related to treatment · non‐ambulatory children and adolescents with SMA types II and III

Oral olesoxime probably leads to lower adverse events related to treatment compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.95 [0.91, 0.99]
1 study · 165 participants
Moderate

Oral gabapentin vs placebo

Time from beginning of treatment until death or full‐time ventilation · adults with SMA types II and III

1 finding from 1 review

Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 84 participants
Moderate

Oral gabapentin vs placebo

Adverse events related to treatment · adults with SMA types II and III

1 finding from 1 review

Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 65 participants
Low

Oral hydroxyurea vs placebo

Time from beginning of treatment until death or full‐time ventilation · children and adults with SMA types II and III

1 finding from 1 review

Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 57 participants
Moderate

Oral hydroxyurea vs placebo

Adverse events related to treatment · children and adults with SMA types II and III

1 finding from 1 review

Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 57 participants
Moderate

Oral valproic acid vs placebo

Time from beginning of treatment until death or full‐time ventilation · ambulatory adults with SMA type III

1 finding from 1 review

Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
33 participants
Low

Oral valproic acid vs placebo

Adverse events related to treatment · ambulatory adults with SMA type III

Oral valproic acid showed no clear difference in adverse events related to treatment compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.8 [0.44, 1.44]
33 participants
Low

Oral phenylbutyrate vs placebo

Time from beginning of treatment until death or full‐time ventilation · children with SMA type II

1 finding from 1 review

Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 107 participants
Low

Oral phenylbutyrate vs placebo

Adverse events related to treatment · children with SMA type II

Oral phenylbutyrate probably leads to higher adverse events related to treatment compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 3.1 [1.25, 7.84]
1 study · 107 participants
Moderate

Oral NSAIDs vs glucocorticoid injection

Treatment success Fair, good or excellent effectiveness · Adults with lateral elbow pain

It is very uncertain whether oral NSAIDs changes treatment success Fair, good or excellent effectiveness compared with glucocorticoid injection (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for treating lateral elbow pain in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.74 [0.43, 1.26]
2 studies · 126 participants
Very low

Oral NSAIDs vs placebo

Treatment success Fair, good or excellent effectiveness · Adults with lateral elbow pain

Oral NSAIDs showed no clear difference in treatment success Fair, good or excellent effectiveness compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for treating lateral elbow pain in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.17 [0.82, 1.67]
1 study · 111 participants
Low

Oral valproic acid plus acetyl‐L‐carnitine vs placebo

Time from beginning of treatment until death or full‐time ventilation · non‐ambulatory children with SMA types II and III

1 finding from 1 review

Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 61 participants
Moderate

Oral valproic acid plus acetyl‐L‐carnitine vs placebo

Adverse events related to treatment · non‐ambulatory children with SMA types II and III

Oral valproic acid plus acetyl‐L‐carnitine showed no clear difference in adverse events related to treatment compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.32 [0.92, 1.89]
1 study · 61 participants
Moderate

Treatment route: intravenous corticosteroid vs oral corticosteroid

Adverse drug effect—hyperglycaemia · exacerbations of COPD

Treatment route: intravenous corticosteroid probably leads to higher adverse drug effect ‐ hyperglycaemia compared with oral corticosteroid (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic corticosteroids for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 4.89 [1.2, 19.94]
1 study · 40 participants
Moderate

Partially absorbed antifungal drug (e.g., clotrimazole, miconazole) vs Drug not absorbed from GI tract (e.g., nystatin, amphotericin B)

Outcome not reported · Patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy with overt oral candidiasis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2010 · Cochrane All outcomes
There were no trials comparing partially absorbed drugs with either absorbed drugs or drugs not absorbed.
0 studies
No studies found

Partially absorbed antifungal drug (e.g., clotrimazole, miconazole) vs Absorbed antifungal drug (e.g., fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole)

Outcome not reported · Patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy with overt oral candidiasis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2010 · Cochrane All outcomes
There were no trials comparing partially absorbed drugs with either absorbed drugs or drugs not absorbed.
0 studies
No studies found

Systemic oral acyclovir vs placebo or no treatment

Patient or parental satisfaction (tolerance and acceptability of drug) · Children and young adults under 25 years with primary herpetic gingivostomatitis (with or without herpes labialis)

1 finding from 1 review

Acyclovir for treating primary herpetic gingivostomatitis 2008 · Cochrane All outcomes
Amir 1997b: no data available. Ducoulombier 1988: tolerance and acceptability of the drug was described as satisfactory, but it was unclear how this was assessed by the trialists.
1 study
GRADE not reported

Combined oral contraceptive pill vs NSAIDs

Other primary menstrual bleeding and satisfaction outcomes: semi‐objectively assessed menstrual blood loss, subjectively assessed menstrual blood loss, participant satisfaction with treatment · heavy menstrual bleeding

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Combined hormonal contraceptives for heavy menstrual bleeding 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Antiplatelet drug vs control

Pulmonary embolism · acute ischaemic stroke

It is very uncertain whether antiplatelet drug changes pulmonary embolism during treatment period compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral antiplatelet therapy for acute ischaemic stroke 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
Peto OR 0.71 [0.53, 0.96]
7 studies · 41042 participants
Very low