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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

63 questions · 63 findings · 2 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

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No studies found 2 · 3.2%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 30 · 47.6%Low 24 · 38.1%Moderate 4 · 6.3%High 3 · 4.8%

Intervention not reported

Maternal pain score or pain measured in labour (Pain relief poor (partial, none or worse)) ‐ No add‐on drugs
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Maternal pain score or pain measured in labour (Pain relief poor (partial, none or worse)) ‐ With promazine
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Maternal satisfaction with analgesia measured during the postnatal period (numbers dissatisfied)
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Maternal pain score or pain measured in labour (Pain intensity at 30 minutes: women with severe pain)
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Maternal pain score or pain measured in labour (VAS at 60 minutes (at peak of contraction))
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Maternal satisfaction with analgesia measured during labour or during the postnatal period (Pain relief described as poor)
1 finding from 1 review

IM pethidine vs placebo

Maternal pain score or pain measured in labour (reduction in VAS of at least 40 mm after 30 minutes) · women in labour

IM pethidine may leads to higher maternal pain score or pain measured in labour (reduction in VAS of… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review