Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

283 questions · 285 findings · 33 reviews · Epilepsy

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No studies found 31 · 10.9%GRADE not reported 13 · 4.6%Very low 33 · 11.6%Low 80 · 28.1%Moderate 96 · 33.7%High 32 · 11.2%

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors vs cognitive behavioural therapy

> 50% reduction in depressive symptoms · people with epilepsy and depression

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants for people with epilepsy and depression 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors vs cognitive behavioural therapy

Depressive symptoms · people with epilepsy and depression

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants for people with epilepsy and depression 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
15 participants
Very low

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors vs cognitive behavioural therapy

Seizure frequency · people with epilepsy and depression

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants for people with epilepsy and depression 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
15 participants
Very low

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors vs cognitive behavioural therapy

Treatment withdrawal · people with epilepsy and depression

It is very uncertain whether selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors changes withdrawals compared with cognitive behavioural therapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants for people with epilepsy and depression 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.44 [0.05, 3.85]
15 participants
Very low

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors vs cognitive behavioural therapy

Cognitive function · people with epilepsy and depression

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants for people with epilepsy and depression 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors vs cognitive behavioural therapy

Post‐treatment quality of life (QOLIE‐31 score, which has a range of 0‐200, with higher score indicates better quality of life) ( · people with epilepsy and depression

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants for people with epilepsy and depression 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
15 participants
Very low

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors vs cognitive behavioural therapy

Adverse effects ‐ adverse event profile · people with epilepsy and depression

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants for people with epilepsy and depression 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Chloral hydrate oral (60 mg/kg) vs music therapy

Proportion of children who successfully completed neurodiagnostic procedure without interruption by the child awakening · children undergoing neurodiagnostic procedures

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Chloral hydrate as a sedating agent for neurodiagnostic procedures in children 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Chloral hydrate oral (60 mg/kg) vs music therapy

Proportion of children who required a further dose of either the same sedative agent or the addition of a different sedative agent · children undergoing neurodiagnostic procedures

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Chloral hydrate as a sedating agent for neurodiagnostic procedures in children 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Chloral hydrate oral (60 mg/kg) vs music therapy

Time to adequate sedation (minutes or as measured by specific validated scales such as the Ramsay Sedation Score) · children undergoing neurodiagnostic procedures

1 finding from 1 review

Chloral hydrate as a sedating agent for neurodiagnostic procedures in children 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 58 participants
Very low

Chloral hydrate oral (60 mg/kg) vs music therapy

Proportion of children who had sedation failure or inadequate level of sedation · children undergoing neurodiagnostic procedures

It is very uncertain whether chloral hydrate oral (60 mg/kg) changes proportion of children who had sedation failure or inadequate level… compared with music therapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Chloral hydrate as a sedating agent for neurodiagnostic procedures in children 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 17 [2.37, 122.14]
1 study · 58 participants
Very low

Chloral hydrate oral (60 mg/kg) vs music therapy

Sedation duration (minutes) · children undergoing neurodiagnostic procedures

1 finding from 1 review

Chloral hydrate as a sedating agent for neurodiagnostic procedures in children 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 58 participants
Very low

Chloral hydrate oral (60 mg/kg) vs music therapy

Number of children with clinical adverse events (any) · children undergoing neurodiagnostic procedures

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Chloral hydrate as a sedating agent for neurodiagnostic procedures in children 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Lamotrigine vs placebo

50% or greater reduction in seizure frequency · people with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy

Summary of findings: lamotrigine probably leads to higher 50% or greater reduction in seizure frequency (ITT analysis) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lamotrigine add‐on therapy for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.8 [1.45, 2.23]
12 studies · 1322 participants
Moderate

Lamotrigine vs placebo

Treatment withdrawal · people with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy

Summary of findings: lamotrigine showed no clear difference in treatment withdrawal compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lamotrigine add‐on therapy for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.11 [0.91, 1.37]
14 studies · 1806 participants
Moderate

Lamotrigine vs placebo

Ataxia · people with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy

Summary of findings: lamotrigine probably leads to higher ataxia compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lamotrigine add‐on therapy for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 3.34
12 studies · 1525 participants
Moderate

Lamotrigine vs placebo

Dizziness · people with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy

Summary of findings: lamotrigine probably leads to higher dizziness compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lamotrigine add‐on therapy for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.76
13 studies · 1768 participants
Moderate

Lamotrigine vs placebo

Fatigue · people with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy

Summary of findings: lamotrigine probably leads to lower fatigue compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lamotrigine add‐on therapy for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.82
12 studies · 1552 participants
Moderate

Lamotrigine vs placebo

Nausea · people with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy

Summary of findings: lamotrigine probably leads to higher nausea compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lamotrigine add‐on therapy for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.81
12 studies · 1486 participants
Moderate

Lamotrigine vs placebo

Diplopia · people with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy

Summary of findings: lamotrigine probably leads to higher diplopia compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lamotrigine add‐on therapy for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 3.79 [2.15, 6.68]
3 studies · 944 participants
Moderate