Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

99 questions · 116 findings · 11 reviews · Back and Neck

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No studies found 20 · 17.2%GRADE not reported 6 · 5.2%Very low 38 · 32.8%Low 29 · 25%Moderate 12 · 10.3%High 11 · 9.5%

Spinal manipulative therapy vs inert interventions

Disability (Roland‐Morris Disability Questionnaire) Scale from: 0 to 23; 0 is no disability. · Patients with acute low‐back pain

2 findings from 1 review

Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 205 participants
Moderate
Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 178 participants
Low

Spinal manipulative therapy vs inert interventions

Recovery at one week · Patients with acute low‐back pain

Spinal manipulative therapy showed no clear difference in recovery at one week compared with inert interventions (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.96 [0.5, 1.85]
2 studies · 263 participants
Low

Spinal manipulative therapy vs inert interventions

Serious adverse events · Patients with acute low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 2 participants
GRADE not reported

Spinal manipulative therapy vs other interventions

Reduction in pain intensity · Patients with acute low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 606 participants
Moderate

Spinal manipulative therapy vs other interventions

Disability (Roland‐Morris Disability Questionnaire) Scale from: 0 to 23; 0 is no disability. · Patients with acute low‐back pain

2 findings from 1 review

Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 241 participants
Low
Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 681 participants
Moderate

Spinal manipulative therapy vs other interventions

Recovery at one month · Patients with acute low‐back pain

Spinal manipulative therapy showed no clear difference in recovery at one month compared with other interventions (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.06 [0.94, 1.21]
2 studies · 117 participants
Low

Spinal manipulative therapy vs other interventions

Serious adverse events · Patients with acute low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 2 participants
GRADE not reported

Spinal manipulative therapy vs inert interventions

Pain VAS 0‐100 (higher means worse) · adults with chronic low‐back pain

2 findings from 1 review

Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 72 participants
Very low
Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 70 participants
Very low

Spinal manipulative therapy vs other interventions

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · adults with chronic low‐back pain

3 findings from 1 review

Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 1405 participants
High
Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 1074 participants
Moderate
Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 1285 participants
High

Spinal manipulative therapy vs other interventions

Functional ability · adults with chronic low‐back pain

2 findings from 1 review

Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 1402 participants
High
Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 1323 participants
Moderate

Spinal manipulative therapy vs other interventions

Disability (Roland‐Morris Disability Questionnaire) Scale from: 0 to 23; 0 is no disability. · adults with chronic low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 1418 participants
High

Spinal manipulative therapy vs other interventions

Recovery at one month · adults with chronic low‐back pain

Spinal manipulative therapy probably leads to higher recovery at 1 month compared with all other interventions (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.2 [1.04, 1.37]
3 studies · 370 participants
Moderate

Spinal manipulative therapy vs inert interventions

Recovery at one month · adults with chronic low‐back pain

It is very uncertain whether spinal manipulative therapy changes recovery at 1 month compared with inert interventions (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.03 [0.49, 2.19]
1 study · 72 participants
Very low
Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.96 [0.56, 1.65]
1 study · 70 participants
Very low

Spinal manipulative therapy vs sham SMT

Reduction in pain intensity · Patients with acute low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 74 participants
Very low

Spinal manipulative therapy vs sham SMT

Functional status at one month Oswestry Disability Index. Scale from: 0 (no dysfunction) to 100 (worse function) · Patients with acute low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 94 participants
Very low

Spinal manipulative therapy vs sham SMT

Recovery at one month · Patients with acute low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Spinal manipulative therapy vs sham SMT

Serious adverse events · Patients with acute low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low‐back pain 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Spinal manipulative therapy vs sham SMT

Functional ability · patients with chronic LBP

2 findings from 1 review

Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 51 participants
Very low
Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 55 participants
Very low

Spinal manipulative therapy vs sham SMT

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · patients with chronic LBP

3 findings from 1 review

Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 148 participants
Very low
Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 55 participants
Very low
Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 51 participants
Very low

Spinal manipulative therapy vs sham SMT

Disability (Roland‐Morris Disability Questionnaire) Scale from: 0 to 23; 0 is no disability. · patients with chronic LBP

1 finding from 1 review

Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low‐back pain 2011 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 65 participants
Very low