Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,760 questions · 8,065 findings · 1,036 reviews

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No studies found 1,686 · 20.9%GRADE not reported 675 · 8.4%Very low 1,953 · 24.2%Low 2,048 · 25.4%Moderate 1,296 · 16.1%High 407 · 5%

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Late (seven days or more following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

Hypernatraemia (≥ 150 mmol/L) · preterm or low birth weight infants

It is very uncertain whether late (seven days or more following birth) higher changes hypernatraemia (≥ 150 mmol/L) compared with lower sodium intake (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 7.88 [0.43, 144.81]
2 studies · 69 participants
Very low

Late (seven days or more following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

Postnatal growth failure (weight < 10th percentile) · preterm or low birth weight infants

Late (seven days or more following birth) higher may leads to lower postnatal growth failure (weight < 10th percentile) compared with lower sodium intake (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.25 [0.09, 0.69]
1 study · 29 participants
Low

Late (seven days or more following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

Necrotising enterocolitis · preterm or low birth weight infants

It is very uncertain whether late (seven days or more following birth) higher changes necrotising enterocolitis compared with lower sodium intake (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.07 [0, 1.25]
1 study · 49 participants
Very low

Late (seven days or more following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

Chronic lung disease · preterm or low birth weight infants

It is very uncertain whether late (seven days or more following birth) higher changes chronic lung disease compared with lower sodium intake (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.03 [0.8, 5.2]
1 study · 49 participants
Very low

Late (seven days or more following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

Mortality Mortality at latest · preterm or low birth weight infants

It is very uncertain whether late (seven days or more following birth) higher changes mortality (latest time reported up to hospital discharge) compared with lower sodium intake (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.13 [0.01, 2.2]
1 study · 49 participants
Very low

Late (seven days or more following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

Neurodevelopmental disability · preterm or low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Early (less than seven days following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

Mortality Mortality at latest · preterm or low birth weight infants

Early (less than seven days following birth) higher showed no clear difference in mortality (latest time reported up to hospital discharge) compared with lower sodium intake (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.02 [0.38, 2.72]
3 studies · 83 participants
Low

Early (less than seven days following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

Neurodevelopmental disability · preterm or low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Early (less than seven days following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

Hyponatraemia (< 130 mmol/L) · preterm or low birth weight infants

Early (less than seven days following birth) higher showed no clear difference in hyponatraemia (< 130 mmol/L) compared with lower sodium intake (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.68 [0.4, 1.13]
3 studies · 83 participants
Low

Early (less than seven days following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

Hypernatraemia (≥ 150 mmol/L) · preterm or low birth weight infants

Early (less than seven days following birth) higher showed no clear difference in hypernatraemia (≥ 150 mmol/L) compared with lower sodium intake (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.62 [1, 2.65]
4 studies · 103 participants
Low

Early (less than seven days following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

Postnatal growth failure · preterm or low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Early (less than seven days following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

Necrotising enterocolitis · preterm or low birth weight infants

It is very uncertain whether early (less than seven days following birth) higher changes necrotising enterocolitis compared with lower sodium intake (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 4.6 [0.23, 90.84]
1 study · 46 participants
Very low

Early (less than seven days following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

Chronic lung disease · preterm or low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Slow-release fluoride device (fluoride glass beads) vs placebo or usual care

Retention of slow-release fluoride devices (devices staying intact) · Children with high risk of dental decay

1 finding from 1 review

Slow‐release fluoride devices for the control of dental decay 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
2 years
132 (1 study); very low; Only 63/132 (47.7%) children who were still available at 2-year follow-up had the devices intact
1 study · 132 participants
Very low

Slow-release fluoride device (fluoride glass beads) vs placebo or usual care

Harms of slow-release fluoride devices · Children with high risk of dental decay

1 finding from 1 review

Slow‐release fluoride devices for the control of dental decay 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
132 (1 study); very low; Study reported that no irritations or other harms were reported
1 study · 132 participants
Very low

Low vs standard dose valganciclovir

All‐cause death · solid organ transplant recipients

Low showed no clear difference in all‐cause death compared with standard dose valganciclovir (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antiviral medications for preventing cytomegalovirus disease in solid organ transplant recipients 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.2 [0.11, 4.11]
1 study · 196 participants
Low

Low vs standard dose valganciclovir

CMV infection · solid organ transplant recipients

Low showed no clear difference in CMV infection compared with standard dose valganciclovir (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antiviral medications for preventing cytomegalovirus disease in solid organ transplant recipients 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.37 [0.11, 1.22]
2 studies · 256 participants
Low

Low vs standard dose valganciclovir

Acute rejection · solid organ transplant recipients

Low showed no clear difference in acute rejection compared with standard dose valganciclovir (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antiviral medications for preventing cytomegalovirus disease in solid organ transplant recipients 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.33 [0.07, 1.61]
1 study · 196 participants
Low

Low vs standard dose valganciclovir

Graft loss · solid organ transplant recipients

Low showed no clear difference in graft loss compared with standard dose valganciclovir (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antiviral medications for preventing cytomegalovirus disease in solid organ transplant recipients 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.06, 15.76]
1 study · 196 participants
Low

Low vs standard dose valganciclovir

Opportunistic infections · solid organ transplant recipients

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antiviral medications for preventing cytomegalovirus disease in solid organ transplant recipients 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found