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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

369 questions · 382 findings · 20 reviews · Oral and maxillofacial surgery

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No studies found 92 · 24.1%GRADE not reported 239 · 62.6%Very low 42 · 11%Low 4 · 1%Moderate 5 · 1.3%High 0 · 0%

Any experimental intervention (surgical or non-surgical) vs None (placebo or no treatment)

Mortality rate and cause of death · People of any age and either sex, in any setting, with BRONJ; bisphosphonate exposure past or current; includes people with cancer and…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Any experimental intervention (surgical or non-surgical) vs None (placebo or no treatment)

Healing of osteonecrosis - improvement ('healed' or 'improved' vs 'unchanged' or 'worse') · People of any age and either sex, in any setting, with BRONJ; bisphosphonate exposure past or current; includes people with cancer and…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antifibrinolytic therapy (tranexamic acid or epsilon aminocaproic acid) vs Placebo, no intervention or usual care (with or without placebo)

Number of postoperative bleeding episodes requiring intervention · People with haemophilia (A or B) undergoing minor oral surgery or dental extractions

Antifibrinolytic therapy (tranexamic acid or epsilon aminocaproic… probably leads to lower number of postoperative bleeding episodes requiring intervention compared with placebo, no intervention or usual care (with or without placebo) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antifibrinolytic therapy (tranexamic acid or epsilon aminocaproic acid) vs Placebo, no intervention or usual care (with or without placebo)

Number of immediate (less than 24 hours) and delayed (24 hours to 10 days) postoperative bleeding episodes requiring intervention · People with haemophilia (A or B) undergoing minor oral surgery or dental extractions

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Dental extraction protocol with plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) inserted into the postextraction alveolus vs Standard dental extraction protocol without PRGF

Complications and side effects · People with cancer treated with intravenous bisphosphonates undergoing dental extractions (at risk of MRONJ)
1 finding from 1 review

Platelet-rich fibrin after bone surgery vs Bone surgery alone

Healing of MRONJ (mucosal integrity, absence of infection, and no re-intervention) · People with established (manifest) MRONJ

It is very uncertain whether platelet-rich fibrin after bone surgery changes healing of MRONJ (mucosal integrity, absence of infection, and no… compared with bone surgery alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Primary closure of the extraction socket with a mucoperiosteal flap vs Application of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) without primary closure

Complications and side effects · People on antiresorptive treatment undergoing tooth extraction (at risk of MRONJ)
1 finding from 1 review

Transbuccal miniplate combined with intraoral approach vs Intraoral approach alone

Requirement for additional (surgical) interventions (plate removal within 90 days) · Adults with fractures of the mandibular angle

Transbuccal miniplate combined with intraoral approach led to lower requirement for additional (surgical) interventions (plate removal… compared with intraoral approach alone; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

3-dimensional (3D) miniplates vs Standard (Champy) plates

Requirement for additional (surgical) interventions (post-operative MMF/IMF) · Adults (16 to 68 years) with mandibular fractures excluding condylar involvement

3-dimensional (3D) miniplates led to lower requirement for additional (surgical) interventions (post-operative… compared with standard (Champy) plates; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Two miniplates (transbuccal approach) vs One miniplate plus two screws (intraoral approach at external oblique ridge)

Requirement for additional (surgical) interventions (plate removal) · Adults with fractures of the mandibular angle

Two miniplates (transbuccal approach) showed no clear difference in requirement for additional (surgical) interventions (plate removal) compared with one miniplate plus two screws (intraoral approach at external…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

2 mm titanium plates vs 2.5 mm bioresorbable plates

Requirement for additional (surgical) interventions (plate removal / re-operation) · Adults (16 to 68 years) with mandibular fractures excluding condylar involvement
1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for the management of mandibular fractures 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Plate removal was statistically more likely in the titanium group (Fisher's exact P<0.05); infection led to plate removal in one titanium participant at 2 months and a further 4/21 (19%) titanium participants (six…
    1 study
    GRADE not reported

Locking plate vs 2 mm non-locking titanium plates

Requirement for additional (surgical) interventions · Adults (16 to 68 years) with mandibular fractures excluding condylar involvement
1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for the management of mandibular fractures 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Only Collins 2004 provided data: 6/122 participants had minor complications (three in each group); five required surgical removal of the locking plates and one post-operative malocclusion was managed with elastic…
    1 study · 122 participants
    GRADE not reported

Orthodontic treatment with appliances inducing stable, permanent orthodontic tooth movement (splints worn 8 to 12 weeks and surgical interventions excluded) vs Control: no treatment, placebo, or reassurance

Patient quality of life · Adults aged 18 years or older with clinically diagnosed TMD (exhibiting two or more of the listed signs and/or symptoms)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Orthodontic treatment with appliances inducing stable, permanent orthodontic tooth movement (splints worn 8 to 12 weeks and surgical interventions excluded) vs Control: no treatment, placebo, or reassurance

Adverse effects on oral health · Adults aged 18 years or older with clinically diagnosed TMD (exhibiting two or more of the listed signs and/or symptoms)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Orthodontic treatment with appliances inducing stable, permanent orthodontic tooth movement (splints worn 8 to 12 weeks and surgical interventions excluded) vs Control: no treatment, placebo, or reassurance

Limitation of movement · Adults aged 18 years or older with clinically diagnosed TMD (exhibiting two or more of the listed signs and/or symptoms)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Orthodontic treatment with appliances inducing stable, permanent orthodontic tooth movement (splints worn 8 to 12 weeks and surgical interventions excluded) vs Control: no treatment, placebo, or reassurance

Development of TMD (onset/incidence of signs and symptoms) · People without TMD at baseline undergoing orthodontic treatment (TMD clinically absent at baseline); no age restriction provided follow-up…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Orthodontic treatment with appliances inducing stable, permanent orthodontic tooth movement (splints worn 8 to 12 weeks and surgical interventions excluded) vs Control: no treatment, placebo, or reassurance

Overall symptoms, pain and headache (relief from symptoms assessed by global measures) · Adults aged 18 years or older with clinically diagnosed TMD (exhibiting two or more of the listed signs and/or symptoms)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review