Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

254 questions · 281 findings · 12 reviews · Incontinence

No studies found 151 · 53.7%GRADE not reported 10 · 3.6%Very low 74 · 26.3%Low 33 · 11.7%Moderate 12 · 4.3%High 1 · 0.4%

PFMT added to lifestyle intervention vs lifestyle intervention alone

Number of women requiring further treatment such as surgery, drugs, mechanical devices (relapse) ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Complementary therapy interventions vs usual care or no treatment

Number of participants continent after treatment · people with stroke and urinary incontinence

Complementary therapy interventions may leads to higher number of participants continent after treatment compared with usual care or no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Specialised professional input interventions vs usual care or no treatment

Number of participants continent after treatment · people with stroke and urinary incontinence

Specialised professional input interventions showed no clear difference in number of participants continent after treatment ‐ three months compared with usual care or no treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review