Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

35 questions · 35 findings · 4 reviews · Incontinence

No studies found 20 · 57.1%GRADE not reported 1 · 2.9%Very low 8 · 22.9%Low 5 · 14.3%Moderate 1 · 2.9%High 0 · 0%

Single‐use (sterile) catheter vs multiple‐use (clean) catheter

Number of participants with symptomatic UTI · long‐term bladder management

Single‐use (sterile) catheter showed no clear difference in number with symptomatic UTI1 compared with multiple‐use (clean) catheter (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Indwelling urethral catheterisation vs suprapubic catheterisation

Number of participants with symptomatic UTI · Adults with short‐term catheterisation

It is very uncertain whether indwelling urethral catheterisation changes number of participants with symptomatic UTI compared with suprapubic catheterisation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Indwelling urethral catheterisation vs suprapubic catheterisation

Asymptomatic bacteruria · Adults with short‐term catheterisation

It is very uncertain whether indwelling urethral catheterisation changes asymptomatic bacteruria compared with suprapubic catheterisation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Indwelling urethral catheterisation vs suprapubic catheterisation

Number of participants with pain · Adults with short‐term catheterisation

Indwelling urethral catheterisation may leads to higher number of participants with pain compared with suprapubic catheterisation (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review