Pegylated interferon plus ribavirin may leads to higher sustained virological response compared with pegylated interferon alone (low certainty).
Pegylated interferon plus ribavirin showed no clear difference in treatment discontinuation compared with pegylated interferon alone (low certainty).
Pegylated interferon plus ribavirin may leads to higher adverse events compared with pegylated interferon alone (low certainty).
Interferon + chemotherapy may leads to higher overall survival compared with chemotherapy alone (low certainty).
Interferon + chemotherapy may leads to higher progression‐free survival compared with chemotherapy alone (low certainty).
Interferon + chemotherapy showed no clear difference in adverse event (flu‐like symptoms) compared with chemotherapy alone (low certainty).
Interferon + chemotherapy showed no clear difference in adverse event (fatigue) compared with chemotherapy alone (low certainty).
Interferon + chemotherapy showed no clear difference in adverse event (neurotoxicity) compared with chemotherapy alone (low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether intravesically administered BCG combined with IFN‐α changes recurrence compared with intravesically administered BCG alone (very low certainty).
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
Intravesically administered BCG combined with IFN‐α showed no clear difference in progression compared with intravesically administered BCG alone (low certainty).
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
It is very uncertain whether intravesically administered BCG combined with IFN‐α changes disease‐specific mortality compared with intravesically administered BCG alone (very low certainty).
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
Intravesically administered BCG alternating with IFN‐α may leads to higher time‐to‐recurrence compared with intravesically administered BCG alone (low certainty).
Intravesically administered BCG alternating with IFN‐α showed no clear difference in time‐to‐progression compared with intravesically administered BCG alone (low certainty).
Intravesically administered BCG alternating with IFN‐α showed no clear difference in discontinuation of therapy due to adverse events compared with intravesically administered BCG alone (low certainty).
Intravesically administered BCG alternating with IFN‐α showed no clear difference in disease‐specific mortality compared with intravesically administered BCG alone (low certainty).